Stage 1 Notes

I. Pronunciation- / - v is pronounced as a w : villa, servus / letter c is pronounced like a k : canis, culina / - pronounce all letters: For example with the word coquus, you say the u twice. (coq-u-us) / - ae (dipthong) is pronounced eye: puellae / -long vowels are spoken twice as long as short vowels and they will have a long mark. For example: viā I. Pronunciation- / - v is pronounced as a w : villa, servus / letter c is pronounced like a k : canis, culina / - pronounce all letters: For example with the word coquus, you say the u twice. (coq-u-us) / - ae (dipthong) is pronounced eye: puellae / -long vowels are spoken twice as long as short vowels and they will have a long mark. For example: viā

II. a, an, & the / **There are no definite articles in Latin** so you will have to supply –a –an or –the to the Latin word when you translate a noun into English. / For example with the sentence canis est in viá you translate it into English as the dog is in the street. / Translate: pater / The / a father. II. a, an, & the / **There are no definite articles in Latin** so you will have to supply –a –an or –the to the Latin word when you translate a noun into English. / For example with the sentence canis est in viá you translate it into English as the dog is in the street. / Translate: pater / The / a father.

III. Nouns / Nouns will be listed by the subject form first. / The second form is what we will use to attach noun endings to. This is called the dictionary entry. / mater, matrem / In order for something to be a noun it needs to have two forms in its dictionary entry. / We will be learning their function and translation of the second form later this semester. III. Nouns / Nouns will be listed by the subject form first. / The second form is what we will use to attach noun endings to. This is called the dictionary entry. / mater, matrem / In order for something to be a noun it needs to have two forms in its dictionary entry. / We will be learning their function and translation of the second form later this semester. Subject formAttach endings

/ Verbs will be listed first by their 3rd person singular form first followed by their dictionary form. This is the form that ends in -t. / Third person singular: / cantat (from canto, cantare, cantavi) / This form can be translated as: (blank)s or / is (blank)ing or does (blank). It will have a noun as its subject. / Ex: filius cantat. / Verbs will be listed first by their 3rd person singular form first followed by their dictionary form. This is the form that ends in -t. / Third person singular: / cantat (from canto, cantare, cantavi) / This form can be translated as: (blank)s or / is (blank)ing or does (blank). It will have a noun as its subject. / Ex: filius cantat. IV. Verbs The son is singing / sings/ does sing.

/ Note that verbs in the third person Singular like dormit and latrat can be translated in three different ways. / coquus dormit can be translated as the cook sleeps, the cook is sleeping, or the cook does sleep. / In the same way servus laborat can be translated as the slave works, the slave is working, or the slave does work. / The only exemption to this rule is est. It can only be translated as is. / Note that verbs in the third person Singular like dormit and latrat can be translated in three different ways. / coquus dormit can be translated as the cook sleeps, the cook is sleeping, or the cook does sleep. / In the same way servus laborat can be translated as the slave works, the slave is working, or the slave does work. / The only exemption to this rule is est. It can only be translated as is.

/ After the third person singular form (the form that ends in -t) you will see three other forms of the verb. / This is the dictionary entry. orei sedet (from sedeo, sedere, sedi): sits/ is sitting, to sit / In order for something to be a verb it needs to have three forms in its dictionary entry. / We will be learning their function and translation of these forms over the course of this semester. / After the third person singular form (the form that ends in -t) you will see three other forms of the verb. / This is the dictionary entry. orei sedet (from sedeo, sedere, sedi): sits/ is sitting, to sit / In order for something to be a verb it needs to have three forms in its dictionary entry. / We will be learning their function and translation of these forms over the course of this semester. Overallmeaning of verb Translation of sedet

V. Sentences in Latin- / It is extremely important to know that in Latin the endings tell you how the word is functioning in the sentence. / Sentences that you see with the verb est often have the same word order as English sentences. servus est in hortó. The slave is in the garden. coquus est in culíná. The cook is in the kitchen. V. Sentences in Latin- / It is extremely important to know that in Latin the endings tell you how the word is functioning in the sentence. / Sentences that you see with the verb est often have the same word order as English sentences. servus est in hortó. The slave is in the garden. coquus est in culíná. The cook is in the kitchen.

/ Most of the time, Latin sentences will not be in the same word order as your English translations. / servus in culíná dormit. / The slave is sleeping in the kitchen. / canis in viá látrat. / The dog is barking in the street. / Most of the time, Latin sentences will not be in the same word order as your English translations. / servus in culíná dormit. / The slave is sleeping in the kitchen. / canis in viá látrat. / The dog is barking in the street.

VI. Prepositional Phrases / The word in is a preposition. / Any noun right after a prep will form a prepositional phrase. / The prep and noun must be translated as a unit. / Sometimes that noun will have a different ending to show it is a part of a prep phrase. VI. Prepositional Phrases / The word in is a preposition. / Any noun right after a prep will form a prepositional phrase. / The prep and noun must be translated as a unit. / Sometimes that noun will have a different ending to show it is a part of a prep phrase.

VI. Prepositional Phrases / Examples: filius in culiná laborat. The son is working in the kitchen. mater in tablinó sedet. The mother is sitting in the study. VI. Prepositional Phrases / Examples: filius in culiná laborat. The son is working in the kitchen. mater in tablinó sedet. The mother is sitting in the study.