Sustainable and productive farming systems The livestock sector --POINTS TO PONDER-- Jimmy Smith

Rosegrant et al POINT # 1: Demand-driven ‘livestock revolution’ is on-going

POINT # 2: Did you know 7of 9 highest value commodities are livestock? (40% of Ag GDP)

POINT # 3: Livestock in developing world – Small holders are crucial  Population: 18.5 billion domestic animals -70% of global population  Asset value: $1.4 trillion  Livelihood: For over 1b people  (more than 60% are women)  Food and nutrition security: 17% global kilocalories; 33% protein;  Other: >50% of soil fertility amendments in poor countries 4

POINT # 4: Growth is occurring in evey region (2000 – 2030) 5 FAO, % livestock products sold in informal markets and small farms

POINT # 5: Small holders, mostly women, can contribute more in Africa Density of poor livestock keepers People: 300 million people earning <$2 a day depend on livestock: Livestock : Cattle: 240 million head (16% of global total) Pigs : 25 million (3%); Poultry 1.5 billion (8%); Sheep & goats: 500 million (25%) 0 or no data Density of poor livestock keepers ILRI, 2012

POINT # 6: Crop-livestock systems dominate Herrero et al. 2009

POINT # 9: Productivity gaps are large and constraints are many Up to 130% for beef, 430% for milk, even among existing breeds. Estimates suggest 50−70% deficits in feed relative to genetic potential Animal diseases cause high morbidity and mortality rates Risk and vulnerability high in dry areas CARBON FOOTPRINT PER UNIT OF PRODUCT CAN BE CUT BY INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY 

Strategic Cross-cutting Platforms Technology Generation Market Innovation Targeting & Impact Consumers R4D integrated to transform selected value chains In targeted commodities and countries. Value chain development team + research partners GLOBAL RESEARCH PUBLIC GOODS INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE OUT REGIONALLY Major intervention with development partners POINT # 8: Solution driven and transformative R4D requires novel partnerships

Key messages  Livestock sector growth is taking place world wide and is demand led  Small holders –particularly women, can increased their participation if enabled: benefits would be food and nutrition security, poverty reduction and economic growth  R & D partnerships are required to promote the appropriate policy and institutional environment, facilitate access to markets and close productivity gaps  10

Research Biophysical research Increasing productivity (feed-breed-health) Protecting livestock assets –vaccines, insurance Livestock and the environment – in both directions (PES) Institutional Conducive policies Equitable, gender sensitive market and service provision models Business enterprise models Evidence to guide public and private sector roles and investments in livestock Systems transition Better understanding of crop-livestock systems dynamics Plausible futures analysis/modeling to inform policy and investment options –

To eat or not to eat... meat, milk and fish 1 billion undernourished 2 billion overweight

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