Changes of stressed vowels in Middle English and New English.

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Presentation transcript:

Changes of stressed vowels in Middle English and New English

1. ავტო - თუ აუტო - არაერთ ლექსიკონსა თუ სხვ. გამოცემაში მონაცვლეობით გვხვდება ფორმები ავტო - ან აუტო - :

ავტო - თუ აუტო - ( გაგრძელება ) თუნდაც ზოგიერთ შემთხვევაში პარალელური აუტო - ფორმის გამოყენება ორთოგრაფიის სიჭრელეს იწვევს და ქაოსურ შთაბეჭდილებას ტოვებს. ამდენად, უმჯობესად მიგვაჩნია ყველგან ერთი ფორმის : ავტო - გამოყენება.

Insular Minuscule Script is replaced by the Continental Minuscule Script

ʒ - replaced by the continental g ʒ - [g] [g’] [j] [ ღ ] Early ME g – [g] [d ʒ ] 3 – [j] [X] ʒ eon ʒ, ʒ eard

ʒ - replaced by the continental g Late ME 3 [j] - y young, yard, year 3 [X] – gh light [lixt], night [nixt], right [rixt]

Runic letters fell into disuse Þ ð - th j k v q g [g] [d ʒ ] c [k] [s]

u – [v] [u] f is no more used for [v] Orthographic reform of the XVII c. normalised the use of u and v u – [u] v – [v]

Y became an equivalent of [i] at the end of a word boy, toy, lorry, trolley …

u – o munuc – monk [munk] lufian – loven [luven] sune – sone [sune] boy, toy, lorry, trolley …

Wide use of digraphs ou – [u:] OE hus – ME hous [hu:s] OE ut – ME out [u:t] OE mus – ME mous [mu:s] ie [e:] chief [t ʃ e:f] thief [θe:f]

Wide use of digraphs ch – [t ʃ ] sh [ ʃ ] OE scip [skip] – ME ship [ ʃɪ p] dg [d ʒ ] wh – OE hw OE hw æ t – ME what [hwat]

Long vowels replaced by double letters OE fot – ME foot [fo:t] OE boc – ME book [bo:k] OE fet – ME feet [fe:t] OE to þ – ME tooth [ to : θ ]

ავტო - თუ აუტო - ( გაგრძელება ) თუნდაც ზოგიერთ შემთხვევაში პარალელური აუტო - ფორმის გამოყენება ორთოგრაფიის სიჭრელეს იწვევს და ქაოსურ შთაბეჭდილებას ტოვებს. ამდენად, უმჯობესად მიგვაჩნია ყველგან ერთი ფორმის : ავტო - გამოყენება.

Runic letters fell into disuse Þ ð - th j k v q g [g] [d ʒ ] c [k] [s]

Qualitative vowel changes in ME OE y – ME I OE cynin ʒ - ME king OE fyrst – ME first OE mys – ME mice

Qualitative vowel changes in ME OE a – ME o [ ɔ :] spelling oa OE bat – ME boat [b ɔ :t] OE ac – ME oak [ ɔ :k] 2 long Os – [o:] spelling oo [ ɔ :] spelling oa

Qualitative vowel changes in ME OE ea [ea:] – ME [ ɛ :] spelling ea OE east - ME east [ ɛ :st] 2 long Es – [e:] spelling ee [ ɛ :] spelling ea

Quantitative vowel changes in early ME Short vowels lengthened before two homorganic consonants sonorant + plosive OE cild – ME child [ t ʃ i:ld ] OE findan – ME finden [fi:nd ə n] OE climban – ME climben [kli:mb ə n]

Quantitative vowel changes in early ME All other groups of two or more consonants produced the reverse effect, they made the preceding long vowels short OE fifti ʒ - ME fifty [fifti] OE fedde – ME fedde [fedd ə ]

Quantitative vowel changes in early ME Short vowels became long in open syllables OE nama – ME name [na:m ə ] OE mete – ME mete [me:t ə ]

Qualitative vowel changes in New English ME [a] – NE [æ] ME man [man] – NE man [mæn] ME [wa] – NE [wo] ME was [was] – NE was [woz] ME water [water] – NE water [wot ə ]

Qualitative vowel changes in New English ME [u] – NE [ ʌ ] ME hut [hut] – NE hut [h ʌ t] ME loven [luven] – NE love [l ʌ v] ME X – j – NE I night [niXt] – [nijt] – [niit] – [ni:t]

Quantitative vowel changes in New English Lengthening – before ss, st, nt, ft Shortening – before [θ, d, t, k] ME plant [plant] – NE plant [pla:nt] ME after [after] – NE after [a:ft ə ] ME deed [de:d] – NE dead [ded] ME book [bo:k] – [bu:k] – [buk] ME breath [bre:θ] – NE breath [breθ]

Great Vowel Shift table [ta:bl ə ] – [teibl] maken [ma:k ə n] – [meik] stone [st ɔ :n] – [st ə un] open [ ɔ :p ə n] – [ ə up ə n]