The Era of Thomas Jefferson

The election of 1800  Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr  Tied, Electoral College votes 73 each  House of Representatives made deciding vote( 36 th vote)  12 th Amendment 1803, Candidates on separate ballots

Jefferson’s Policies  Laissez faire – idea that government should not interfere in the economy  Cutting Costs  Navy 25 ships to 7 ships  Army by 1/3  1801 Federal Gov’t less than 100 people

Judiciary Act of 1801  Set up Regional Courts  16 Official judges  “Midnight Appointments” (John Adams)  Jefferson did not deliver  Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitution al Adams appoints Judges Jefferson tells (Sect. of State) Madison not to deliver commissions appointing some judges William Marbury takes his case to the Supreme Court… Marbury vs. Madison

 Marbury v. Madison established the idea of judicial review  Constitution is supreme law of the land  When there is a conflict between Constitution and any other law….Constitution must be followed  Judicial branch must uphold the Constitution

Looking West  Western Territory  Louisiana Territory belonged to Spain  Farms along the Mississippi River  Send crops to Port New Orleans/ sent to East Coast  French Threat  Louisiana Territory transferred to France  Secret agreement that made the transfer  Jefferson feared Napoleon had his sights set on America

Lewis and Clark  U.S purchased Louisiana Territory for $15 million  Lewis and Clark explore territory  Jefferson chose 2 gentlemen  Meriwether Lewis 28 yrs. old  William Clark 32 yrs. Old  Left St. Louis Spring of 1804  Shoshone woman (Sacagawea) - guide

Benefits of the Louisiana Territory Cheap abundant land for farming Control over the Mississippi River United States would own Port of New Orleans

 Briatin and France were fighting AGAIN  Both were attacking U.S. ships in an effort to keep their enemy from getting supplies.  Jefferson’s response was the Embargo Act (Americans could not sail to any foreign ports)  Businesses suffered E. Act was repealed but Congress passed another Act that said Americans could trade with any country except Britain and France.

Tecumseh  battles with Native Americans over land in Ohio Valley  Tecumseh built confederacy among Native American Nations in Northwest  Battle of Tippecanoe  William Henry Harrison attacked Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe river  Harrison was victorious