THE FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Coach Crews World History.

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THE FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Coach Crews World History

Section 2 Vocabulary Review – 10 Points 1. In early Rome, the ____ were wealthy landowners. 2. The top officials in the early Roman republic were the two____. 3. The main job of the ___ was to interpret the law as judges. 4. Most of Rome’s people were ___ who included artisans and shopkeepers. 5. A Roman ___ had complete control but ruled on a temporary basis.

Vocabulary Review 1. Patricians 2. Consuls 3. Praetors 4. Plebians 5. Dictator

Trouble in the Republic 1. Rome began facing problems at home - Officials began stealing money - Growing gap between the rich and the poor - Farmers in ruin - Cities became overcrowded and dangerous

Trouble in the Republic 2. Rich vs. Poor - Many unhappy with the power of the Patricians - Farmers in debt Unable to farm because they were fighting Farms damaged by Hannibal Latifundia – large farming estates - Slaves were used to farm these new estates - Farmers sold their land and moved to the city looking for work - “Bread and circuses” – cheap food and entertainment for the poor to win their votes

Trouble in the Republic 3. Why Did Reform Fail? - Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - These brothers asked government to buy the land and divide it among the landless - Many senators owned the land in question, both brothers would eventually be killed by bands of senators

Trouble in the Republic 4. The Army Enters Politics - Marius becomes consul in 107 B.C. - Recruits soldiers by promising them land - Soldiers now paid, not volunteer, making them loyal to the general rather than the republic - Generals now into politics to get laws passed to benefit their soldiers

Trouble in the Republic - A general named Sulla drove out other armies and declared himself dictator in 82 B.C. - Sulla changed the government Weakened the Council of the Plebs Strengthened the Senate 50 years of civil wars Men raised armies to seize power as Sulla had done - The stage is set for a military hero named Julius Caesar to seize power

The Fall of the Republic Prove-It: 1. Give three reasons why Roman farmers were sinking into poverty and debt. 2. How did Marius change the Roman army? 3. How did the general Sulla change the Roman government when he became dictator after taking power in 82 B.C.?