The Middle Colonies Notes Section 3.4

The Middle Colonies New York 1625 founded by the Dutch as New Netherland. Became New York in 1664 when taken over by the Duke of York New Jersey 1664 part of the land taken from the Dutch given to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley Pennsylvania 1681 Land given to William Penn Delaware 1701 William Penn gave the lower 3 counties of Pennsylvania their own assembly

Middle Colonies Rich Soil and mild winters that made them good for farming Known as the Bread Basket Colonies The Hudson and Delaware Rivers made the region good for commerce and shipping Very ethnically and religiously diverse Settlers from multiple countries and multiple religions settled in the Middle Colonies

New Netherland becomes New York New Netherland was started by the Dutch West India Company as a fur trading post in 1625 Sweden established New Sweden on the Delaware River in 1638. The Governor of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant took it over in 1655 The Dutch created the Patroon system to attract settlers Any person that brought 50 settlers to New Netherland would received a large land grant with hunting fishing and fur-trading privileges. Created a social elite because few people could afford to bring so many.

New Netherland becomes New York New Netherland was very tolerant to other groups Puritans, Quakers, German Lutherans, French Protestants, and Jews all lived there England saw the Dutch as a threat to their trade in the America In 1664 Charles II sent his brother James the Duke of York to seize New Netherland. New Amsterdam (the Capital) surrendered without a fight and was renamed New York James The Duke of York the largest land holder (Proprietor) in America

New Netherlands

New Jersey In 1664 Proprietors Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley received the land for supporting the King Charles II and the Duke of York. Part of New York To gain settlers the Proprietors promised Freedom of Religion Large Land Grants Representative Assembly

Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley

Pennsylvania William Penn was born into a rich family that had loaned money to Charles II. To pay off this debt, in 1681 the king gave Penn land that came to be called Pennsylvania. William Penn was Quaker much to his father’s disapproval. Penn make Pennsylvania a “Holy Experiment” It was a place where Quakers and other religions could practice their religion free from persecution Penn also made the residents respect Native Americans Pennsylvania would keep church and state separate There would be no taxes supporting the churches Quakers valued hard work and thriftiness and as a result it became one of the wealthiest colonies in America

William Penn

Delaware Originally New Sweden founded in 1638. Then became part of New Netherland when the Dutch took over Then became part of New York when the English took over. Was given to William Penn to pay the debts of Charles II and became Pennsylvania William Penn granted the three lower counties of Pennsylvania their own assembly in 1701 creating Delaware.

Delaware