2. Started By: Dutch. Taken over by England’s Duke of York – King Charles’ brother Why?: Economic reasons (resources and trade) Year Founded: 1624 Other Information: New York City originally named New Amsterdam Peter Stuyvesant “Peg Leg Pete” (Dutch Governor) Manhattan Island was bought from Native Americans for a small amount of beads & other goods

3. Started By: Lord John Berkeley Why?: Economic reasons Year Founded: 1638 Other Information: Very Diverse

4. Started by: William Penn & Quakers (Society of Friends) Why?: Religious Freedom Year Founded:1682 Other Information: Quakers-a religious group who were persecuted-believed in equality (did not bow to lords) and pacifism, established Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love” Penn sent pamphlets to other countries to advertise his colony

5. Started by: Swedish settlers Why?: Economic reasons Year Founded:1638 Other Information: Broke off of Pennsylvania

6. Economy Wheat and other grains Cash crops “bread basket”

7. Climate Mild winters Hot summers

8. Geography Swampy in the East Wooded Mountains in the West Good land for farming grains

9. Extra NEW YORK Taken from the Dutch because of the excellent harbor for trade. The Dutch called NY: New Netherlands New Amsterdam was renamed New York City. Manhattan Island was bought from the Native Americans for trinkets worth about $24.

10. Extra Pennsylvania William Penn advertised his colony throughout Europe. Many Germans settled in PN and became successful farmers. Philadelphia (city in PN) means “City of brotherly love.”

11. To escape religious persecution in Massachusetts, many left to live in the Middle colonies where there was religious tolerance.

12. Cultural diversity: variety Because of its tolerance, immigrants from many countries such as the Netherlands, Sweden and Germany, settled in the Middle Colonies.

13. The Middle Colonies were known as the “Breadbasket Colonies” because of their widespread grain farming. Cash crop: farm crop raised to be sold for money