Chapter 23 Spring 2005 Presented by: Tiffany Marie Thoren Molecular Cell Physiology Dr. James Enderby Bidlack Cancer

Regulation of cells is lost. Regulation of cells is lost. Decreased or non-existant apoptosis Decreased or non-existant apoptosis ??? Cancer ??? Everyone Everyone MalesMales FemalesFemales Who is Affected?

Diagnosis of Cancer Benign Benign Malignant Malignant Possibility of metastatic tumorsPossibility of metastatic tumors Metastasis Animation Metastasis Animation

Metastatic Tumors Major cause of treatment failure for cancer patients Major cause of treatment failure for cancer patients 30% patients have detectable metastases at the diagnosis of primary tumor 30% patients have detectable metastases at the diagnosis of primary tumor 30% patients have micrometastases at the diagnosis of primary tumor 30% patients have micrometastases at the diagnosis of primary tumor

Treatment of Metastatic Tumors Local Treatment Local Treatment Surgery, Radiation, PDT, etc.Surgery, Radiation, PDT, etc. Lack of Systemic Effect and Tumor Recurrence Lack of Systemic Effect and Tumor Recurrence Can Stimulate Growth of Distant Metastases Can Stimulate Growth of Distant Metastases Systemic Treatment Systemic Treatment Chemotherapy & ImmunotherapyChemotherapy & Immunotherapy Known side effect and recurrence Known side effect and recurrence No vaccine available - lack of a ubiquitous tumor antigen No vaccine available - lack of a ubiquitous tumor antigen Use of Immunoadjuvant - lack of tumor specificity Use of Immunoadjuvant - lack of tumor specificity

Combination Chemotherapy Administration of Different Drugs Administration of Different Drugs in sequence, or at the same timein sequence, or at the same time in different dosesin different doses Possible Mechanism -- Synergism Possible Mechanism -- Synergism One treatment may be more effective at a certain stage of cancer than anotherOne treatment may be more effective at a certain stage of cancer than another One treatment modality may enhance the effectiveness of another treatment modalityOne treatment modality may enhance the effectiveness of another treatment modality

Laser Immunotherapy Components: Components: Laser, Laser-Absorbing Dye, Immunoadjuvant Laser, Laser-Absorbing Dye, Immunoadjuvant Application: Application: Intratumor Administration of Dye and Adjuvant Intratumor Administration of Dye and Adjuvant Non-Invasive Laser Irradiation Non-Invasive Laser Irradiation Results: Results: Eradication of Tumors Eradication of Tumors Long-Term Tumor Resistance Long-Term Tumor Resistance Mechanism - Tandem Effect of Two Interactions -- Synergy Mechanism - Tandem Effect of Two Interactions -- Synergy Dye-Enhanced Selective Photothermal Reaction Dye-Enhanced Selective Photothermal Reaction Adjuvant-Regulated Immunological Reaction Adjuvant-Regulated Immunological Reaction

Treatment of Primary Tumor

Survival Rate after Immunotherapy Treatment

Laser Immunotherapy Effect of Laser Immunotherapy Effect of Laser Immunotherapy On Treated Primary TumorsOn Treated Primary Tumors On Untreated MetastasesOn Untreated Metastases Long-Term SurvivalLong-Term Survival Tumor ResistanceTumor Resistance Detected Immune responsesDetected Immune responses Advantages: Advantages: Local ApplicationLocal Application Systemic EffectSystemic Effect Long-Term EffectLong-Term Effect In-Situ VaccinationIn-Situ Vaccination

Laser Immunotherapy Possible Mechanism-- Tandem Effect Possible Mechanism-- Tandem Effect Acute Selective Photothermal EffectAcute Selective Photothermal Effect Eradication of the tumor Eradication of the tumor Possible Antigen exposure Possible Antigen exposure Immunological EffectImmunological Effect Combination of Immunoadjuvant and Liberated Tumor Antigens Combination of Immunoadjuvant and Liberated Tumor Antigens Stimulate and Direct the Host Immune System Against remaining tumor cells both locally and in remote metastatic sites Stimulate and Direct the Host Immune System Against remaining tumor cells both locally and in remote metastatic sites An in situ Vaccination against the TumorAn in situ Vaccination against the Tumor

THANK YOU Questions?