Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 28 Developmental Disorders
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Developmental Disorders Severe, chronic disability Attributable to mental or physical impairment Results in functional limitations
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation - Classification of Disorders Autism spectrum disorders Autistic disorder Rhett’s disorder Childhood disintegrative disorder Asperger’s disorder Pervasive developmental disorder
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Role of IQ Tests Score < or = 70 Score determines severity of mental retardation Classified as Mild, moderate, severe, or profound
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation Characteristics Slow to develop speech and language Slow motor development Prevalence 6.2 to 7.5 million 2.5% – 3%
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Etiology of Mental Retardation Unexplained Trauma Infectious Chromosomal Genetic
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Etiology of Mental Retardation (cont.) Metabolic Toxic Nutritional Environmental
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation Prevention Immunizations Child safety Avoidance of alcohol when pregnant
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation (cont.) Treatment and management Treat cause (if known) Maintain health Correct associated conditions Special education
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Epilepsy Characteristics Prevalence Etiology Treatment and management
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Epilepsy (cont.) Types of seizures Generalized Absence Tonic-clonic Partial Most common type of seizures
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Cerebral Palsy (CP) Chronic, non-progressive condition Affecting body movement and muscle coordination Frequently occurs before, during, or immediately after birth
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Characteristics of Cerebral Palsy Types Spastic Athetoid Ataxic Mixed
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy 5000 infants diagnosed each year CP affects 500,000 children and adults
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Common Etiologies of CP Prenatal Perinatal Acquired Unknown
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Treatment and Management of CP Goal: assist individual to achieve maximal potential Multidisciplinary approach to treatment Medications to reduce spasticity
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder One of the most common childhood disorders Affects more than 2 million children and adolescents
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Commonalities of Developmental Disorders Originate in nervous system Permanent disorders Holistic treatment Treatment goals Maximize health, quality of life, and productivity
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Principles and Perspectives Civil rights Normalization
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Developmental Perspective Emphasizes similarities, not differences Developmental stages are same Rate of developmental progression varies
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Interdisciplinary Services Continuum of Care Case Management
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Nursing Role in Developmental Disabilities Prenatal diagnosis Early identification of developmental problems Newborn screening Developmental surveillance Developmental assessment Interdisciplinary evaluation
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Planning with the Family Nursing health care plan Cultural factors Self-care education Family support
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Early Years Age birth to 3 years Early intervention is key Thorough assessment of needs Health care
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 School Years Legal supports Health care Self-care education Transition services
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Transition to Adulthood Residential services Health care Nursing process
Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Behavior Disorders and Mental Illness Behavior disorders Nursing care Family life