Chapter 3 Section 2

Forest Resources Flowers, fruits, seeds, and other parts Maple syrup, rubber, and nuts  living trees Construction and paper  Pine and spruce Furniture  Oak, cherry, and maple (Hardwoods)

Importance of Plants Produce oxygen Absorb carbon dioxide Absorb pollutants Prevent flooding and soil erosion

Management of Forests 300 million hectares of forest in the US Many on public land –Privately owned are used for timber and paper companies –1.5 million jobs Trees are renewable

Logging Methods Clear-cutting: –Cutting down all the trees in an area at once Selective Cutting: –Cutting down some trees in a forest leaving a mix of tree sizes and species

Clear-Cutting Quick Cheaper than selective Safer Exposes soil to wind and rain Soil is washed into nearby streams disrupting ecosystems

Selective Cutting Move heavy equipment and logs Less damaging to the forest Habitat doesn’t change as much

Sustainable Forestry Sustainable yield: –Regular amount of a renewable resource such as trees that can be harvested without reducing the future supply. –Plant a tree to replace a tree cut down Soft wood trees  mature faster than hardwood trees (hickory, oak, and cherry) Pine  harvest every years Hardwood  40 to 100 years

Certified Wood Forest Stewardship Council – Forests managed in a sustainable way All wood logged must carry a well- managed label

Fisheries Are fish an unlimited resource? –The number of sardines off the California coast has declined –Also happening to school of cod off the New England coast

Fisheries Fishery: –Area with a large population of valuable ocean organisms –Grand Banks off Newfoundland –George Banks off New England –Monterey Canyon off California

Fisheries Managing fisheries for sustainable yield –Setting fishing limits –Changing fishing methods –Developing aquaculture techniques –Finding new resources –70% of the world’s fisheries have been over fished

Fishing Limits Protect individual species Limit the amount caught Require a certain size Fishing can be banned in areas too

Fishing Methods Nets with larger mesh to allow smaller fish to get out Outlaw methods –Poisoning fish with cyanide –Stunning them by exploding dynamite Kill all fish rather than specific fish

Aquaculture Aquaculture: –Raising fish and other water-dwelling organisms for food –May be raised in ponds or bays –Salmon, catfish, and shrimp  U.S. –Maintaining the artificial ponds and bays can cause pollution and spread disease into wild fish populations

New Resources 9,000 different fish species are harvested for food Helps feed a growing population Trying to introduce people to deep-water species and tile fish Try to use easy-to-farm freshwater fish  tilapia

Another sustainable method Green roofs