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 Matter is anything which has mass & takes up space (VOLUME)  Matter is what makes up everything around us. 2

What is matter made of? 3

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 Greek “thinker” had an idea  If you continued cutting something up into smaller pieces, eventually you would get to the smallest particle  He called these particles “ATOMA” 5

HHas four principles: 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles 6

2. A substance is made of the same type of particle. Different substances are made of different particles. SUBSTANCE A SUBSTANCE B 7

3. Particles are always moving. The more energy they have, the faster they move. 8

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 Particle Theory explains how dissolving works 11

 There are 3 states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas 12

SSOLIDS ▪S▪Strongest attractive forces ▪R▪Require most energy to break apart ▪R▪Results in a fixed shape 13

LLIQUIDS PParticles not held together as tightly because of weaker attractive forces TThis results in liquids not being able to hold their shape 14

 GASES  Almost no force holding atoms together  This results in gases spreading out when not in a container.  Gases can’t hold their shape or volume. 15

 To change the state of matter you must increase the speed of particles But How? 16

 Change states of matter by heating the substance. 17

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Matter can be classified as 1.PURE SUBSTANCES Substances containing particles which are chemically joined Can’t be separated easily 2.MIXTURES SSubstances containing particles which are not chemically joined. CCan be separated easily 20

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What are pure substances? Substances containing atoms which are chemically joined Can’t be separated easily There are two types of pure substances: 1.Elements 2.Compounds 22

WWhat does chemically joined mean? MMeans 1 or more atoms are kept together by their attractive forces for each other TThese atoms are kept together and act as a “couple” 23

1.ELEMENTS SSubstances containing 1 type of atom EExample – Oxygen has a chemical formula of O 2 There are 2 types of pure substances 24

2.COMPOUNDS CContain 2 or more different types of atoms in a fixed proportion EExample – Water has a chemical formula of H 2 O 25

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What are mixtures? Substances containing atoms which are NOT chemically joined Can be separated easily There are two types of mixtures: 1.Heterogeneous Mixtures 2.Homogeneous Mixtures 27

 Mixtures can be separated easily. 28

TAP WATER WOULD BE A _________________ DISTILLED WATER WOULD BE A _________________ 29

1.HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES AAlso called SOLUTIONS CCan’t see individual parts of the mixture LLooks like one thing……. but a solution can be separate easily There are 2 types of mixtures 30

 In a homogenous mixture, the individual parts are ``evenly spread out``  So it looks like ``one thing`` 31

 Milk 32

2.HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES YYou can see the individual parts of the solution There are 2 types of mixtures 33