Early Civilizations India and China
Subcontinent North - Mountains South - Water Geography
Monsoons Allowed travel between Africa, Middle East and India
Fertile Soil + More Food =? More People
Indus Valley Civilization the Dravidians
Much of the Indus Valley history is still a mystery Planned Cities
A planned city tells you what about their government?
Civilization just Disappeared
From the EAST the Aryans moved in
Aryans felt “superior” towards the Dravidians
Cultural Diffusion Occurs New Language Developed Sanskirt
What we know came from the Vedas (collection of prayers, hymns, etc)
Aryans Way of Life Led by Rajahs (Skilled War Leader) VALUED CATTLE FOR SURIVAL AND A SIGN OF WEALTH
Warriors Farmers, merchants artisans Priests Social Classes Dravidians
Caste System BORN INTO CHANGE WHEN YOU DIE
Treatment of the “Untouchables”
Joint Family System Dowry to be paid
Sati Rituals Widow chooses to die with the body of the husband
Ganges River “mother of the people” Today
Way of Life Polytheistic Mystics – people who devote their life to seek spiritual truth
The Birth of A New Religion HINDUISM
NO Single Founder NO Single Text (Vedas) ***Diffusion of Dravidians and Aryans
3 MAIN GODS BRAHMA (CREATOR) VISHNU (PRESERVER) SHIVA DESTROYER
GOAL IN LIFE STOP THE CYCLE OF REINCARNATION AND TO BE REUNITED WITH BRAHMA (MOKSHA)
The law of KARMA This life affects your next!!!!!!
2 Beliefs Dharma Religious and moral duties Ahimsa Non-violence
One Branch Jainism Hurt NO Living Creature
From Hinduism Buddhism will form in The Himalayas
Siddhartha Gautama Luxury lifestyle Left palace and saw life not perfect Crippled man Old man Dead man beggar Went to meditate “enlightened one”
4 Noble Truths Life is suffering Suffering due to attachment Can be overcome Follow the 8 fold path
8 Fold Path
Pagoda Curved corners Statues for Buddha
Nirvana – most perfect state Must work off bad karma to end samsara (reincarnation)
Buddhism spread in Asia Hindus in India made Buddha a god
Chapter 3 Section 3 Chapter 4 Sections 4 & 5
Geography GOBI DESERT HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS WATER Believed they were only Civilization
River Valley Civilization
Ancient Chinese Inventions Papermaking Woodblock Printing Compass Gunpowder
Money on a “string” Calendar 365 ¼ days
Neolithic Farmers Fertile Soil Huang He River Valley
“Yellow River” “river of sorrows”
Remember….. dynasty – ruling family Bronze Age
Mandate of Heaven Good times – heavens approved Disasters – lost favor of heavens
Oracle Bones Write questions Interpret the cracks
Polytheistic Ancestor Worship Lived in the Afterworld
Nobles Buried in lavish tombs Chariots, art, living people
SHANG INVADED BY ZHOU (CHOU)
Zhou (Chou) Dynasty Accomplishments Confucius Taoism Roads Code of Li
Calligraphy
A New Philosopher (system of ideas) Confucius
Life works better when everyone plays their “role”
5 Relationships Father – Son Sibling – Sibling Husband – Wife Ruler – Subject Friend – Friend (equal) Filial piety – respect for parents
Code of Li Chivalry Enforced by peers
Life of Balance Same time Daoism
Qin Dynasty Accomplishments 1.Great Wall 2.First Emperor Only lasted about 15 years
Terra-Cotta Army
Han Dynasty Accomplishments 1. Silk Road 2. Public Schools ***Most Chinese today call themselves Han people
Cultural Diffusion
T’ang Dynasty Accomplishments Civil Service Exam
HAN - TANG Dynasties
Civil Service Exam
Looking Ahead What do you think will happen as trade with China and the west increases?