Pyramids on the Nile Chapter 2 Section 2

Key Terms Delta Narmer Pharaoh Theocracy Pyramid Mummification Hieroglyphics Papyrus Key Terms

The Geography of Egypt Nile River Changed desert to fertile land Flooded every July Flooding predictable Planted in October Used irrigation The Geography of Egypt

The Geography of Egypt Desert shut out invaders Upper and Lower Egypt Upper Egypt first cataract Lower Egypt near the sea and delta Used Nile for transportation Wind North to South The Geography of Egypt

Egypt Unites into a Kingdom King Narmer unites Egypt Lower Egypt red crown Upper Egypt white crown 3200-2700 BC Egypt Unites into a Kingdom

Pharaohs Rule as Gods Pharaohs- god kings Theocracy- government based on religion Caused sun to rise Nile to flood Ruled in death Pharaohs Rule as Gods

Pyramids- resting place of kings Ruled even in death Each stone weighed 2 ½ tons to 15 tons Each perfectly cut Giza 2 million stones 13 acres

Egyptian Culture Religion and Life Polytheistic Isis, Re, Osiris Believed in afterlife If good beautiful other world Mummification- embalming and drying the corpse Tombs filled with many items Egyptian Culture

Life in Egyptian Society Pyramid society Kings, queens Wealthy landowners, priest, military leaders Middle class-artisans, merchants Largest peasants and farmers Locked into social class Jobs or marriage could change class Life in Egyptian Society

Life in Egyptian Society Slavery became widespread Needed to read and write to win highest positions Opened many careers Woman held the same rights as men Life in Egyptian Society

Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphics – means sacred carving Pictures stood for ideas Picture stood for sounds Written on papyrus Made from reeds that were dried and pressed Egyptian Writing

Egyptian Science and Technology Made calendars Starred at stars Would appear before the flood Made 365 day calendar Made it 12 months 30 days per month 5 days for holidays and feasting Written numbers Egyptian Science and Technology

Egyptian Science and Technology Geometry Surveying Architecture First to use stone columns Medicine Felt pulse Set broken bones Treat wounds and fevers Egyptian Science and Technology

Invaders Control Egypt Power declined 2180 BC Improved transportation dug canal Huge dikes for floodwaters Drained swamps for farms Hyksos came from Palestine Invaders Control Egypt