1. Pyramids on the Nile

2. Egyptian geography Nile River (longest in world) Flooding- fertile black mud Wheat and barley – irrigation

3. Upper/Lower Egypt Domain ended at cataracts Riverboats could not pass Upper Egypt (South) Lower Egypt (North) Nile provided transportation Environmental Challenges Nile low = crops and growing decreased Nile high = flooding villages Desert = protection and segragation

5. Kingdom Menes united Egypt Kings = gods aka Pharaohs Theocracy – Pharaoh headed religion, gov’t, and army King’s ruled after death (ka = external spirit) Pyramids = kings resting place (bigger than palace) Massive public works programs, great gov’t and leadership from Pharaoh

6. Egyptian Culture Religion / Life Polytheistic Ra = Sun god, Horus = god of light, Isis = ideal mother/wife, Osiris = god of death Life after death Heart weighed less than feather Mummification, Coffin inside tomb, personal items

8. Egyptian Society King, Queen, Royal Family Wealthy Land Owners, Gov’t Officials, Priests, Army Commanders Middle Class (Merchants, Artisans) Lower Class (Peasant Farmers, Unskilled Laborers) ****Could gain higher status through marriage or success in their jobs **** - Highest service (Must be able to read and write)

9. Egyptian Writing / Technology Crude pictographs Developed into Hieroglyphics Papyrus = Reeds that grew in marshy delta Split, dampened, pressed, repeat Number system for collecting taxes Geometry for property and flood surveying Calendar 365 days, 12 months, 30 days in a month, 5 days for holidays and feasting Knew how to check for heartbeat, splint broken bones, surgery

10. Invasion End of Old Kingdom after Pharaohs lost power Weakness and turmoil Strong Pharaohs regained control during Middle Kingdom (restored law and order) Invaded by the Hyksos (Asian nomads) Egypt fell to Hyksos