TETRA ARCHITECTURE AND INTERFACES Dr. M. Nouri New Technologies Senior Manager Marconi Mobile

Agenda 1. TETRA Architecture and Standard Interfaces 2. Description of Individual Interface Network Aspects and Scenarios Services Protocols 3. TETRA Standard Gateways Features 4. Network Management System 5. Control Room Gateway 6. Conclusions

Typical TETRA Network 1b 3 1a 5 2 6 4 Central Network Management TETRA BS BS TETRA Infrastructure NMS 5 Another TETRA Network 2 . BS BS BS BS 1. Air interface (AI) - Trunked Mode - Direct Mode 2. Inter-system interfaces (ISI) 3. Peripheral equipment interface(PEI) 4. Line station interface (LSI) 5. Gateways to PSTN, ISDN and PDN 6. Network management interface (CNMI) 7. Control room gateway Note: All interfaces/gateways are standards except CNMI which is a recommendation. 6 Remote Line Station (Despatcher) 4 PSTN, ISDN PDN

TM V+D Air Interface V V D D V D V V D Physical Layer Features TETRA Infrastructure TDMA FRAME V Uplink V TS 1 D D TS 2 V D TS 3 V Amsterdam November 1999 Downlink V TS 4 D Physical Layer Features TDMA Structure 4 User Channels 25 kHz Channel Spacing 36 kbit/s Transmission Rate /4 DQPSK Modulation 7.2 kbit/s Speech Coding (including error correction) TS = Time Slot

Air Interface (AI) Variants DMO AIR I/F TMO AIR I/F PEI TETRA Voice plus Data (V+D) - Trunked Mode Operation (TMO) - Direct Mode Operation (DMO) Free DMO Managed DMO Packet Data Optimised (PDO) - Originally Narrow-band - Later Digital Advanced Wireless Services (DAWS) - Now PSPP, a joint ETSI-TIA initiative (Project MESA)

TM V+D AI Data Rate Capacities (kbit/s) Number of Timeslots 1 2 3 4 No Protection 7.2 14.4 21.6 28.8 Low 4.8 9.6 19.2 High 2.4 BANDWIDTH ON DEMAND Real-time circuit mode data applications e.g. - Video - Slow Scan TV Increased throughput (or speed) in Packet Mode applications such as: - File Transfer - Data Base Updates - Internet Access Bandwidth on Demand: Applications

Half Duplex/Full Duplex TM V+D AI Services Speech Data Circuit mode Packet mode Short data service Supplementary Services Call Control Mobility Management Security Services • Speech/Data/SDS – Individual Call Group Call (including Broadcast Call) – • Speech – Half Duplex/Full Duplex – Clear/Encrypted • Packet Mode Data - Connection Oriented/Connectionless (X.25) - IP Packet Data (V.4 and V.6) • Short Data Service - 16, 32, 64 and 2048 bits packets

TM V+D AI Protocol Stack CONTROL PLANE USER PLANE Speech Circuit Mode Data Mobility Management Packet Data Call Control Short Data Supplementary Services MM CMCE PD Layer 3 Mobile/Base Link Control Entity Voice and Circuit Mode Services use the physical layer and the lower MAC Other services enter via Service Access Points (SAPs) at the top of layer 3 Open Standard APIs (e.g. WAP and others) are defined for seamless access at these access points Application layers will be accessing the open standard (or proprietary) APIs On the base station side, the physical layer connection to switching nodes are normally via 64 kbit/s bearers sub-multiplexed with 8 kbit/s channels Logical Link Control Layer 2 Medium Access Control Physical Layer Layer 1

Direct Mode AI Scenarios 2. GROUP CALL 1. INDIVIDUAL CALL 4 NETWORK NETWORK AUTHORIZING MOBILE STATION Basic - Individual Call (Half Duplex) - Group Call/Broadcast Call Dual Watch - Monitoring TM control channel when in DM - Monitoring DM channels when in TM Managed Direct Mode - DM communication requires authorization - Authorization signals emitted periodically from an Authorizing Mobile Station 3. DUAL WATCH 4. MANAGED DIRECT MODE

Example: ISI Group Call Configuration CONTROLLING AND PARTICIPATING NETWORK REQUESTING AND PARTICIPATING NETWORK ISI ISI : Mobility Management Migration (Individual and Group) De- Registration (individual) Group Attachment/Detachment Linking and Unlinking of Groups Database Fault Recovery TETRA Authentication OTAR for Key Management PARTICIPATING NETWORK

Direct Mode Call Control DM AI Protocol Stack CONTROL PLANE USER PLANE Circuit Mode Data Call Control Intrinsic Services Speech Short Data Direct Mode Call Control Layer 3 V+D DMO : Services Data Link Layer Layer 2 • Basic services Physical Layer – speech (half duplex) Layer 1 – circuit mode data (7.2 kbit/s), high & low protection – short data service • Intrinsic services (3 in total), included at call set-up • Addressing (including repeater, gateway) • Security services

Direct Mode AI Scenarios (contd.) REPEATER GATEWAY NETWORK 6. DIRECT MODE GATEWAY 5. DIRECT MODE REPEATER REP/GW/ AUTHORIZING MOBILE REP/GW NETWORK NETWORK • Repeater – Type 1A (same frequency for uplink & downlink, single call) Type 1B (different frequencies for uplink & downlink, single call) Type 2 (supports two simultaneous calls) Gateway - Interconnects DM and TM users Managed Repeater, Gateway or both Combined 7. DIRECT MODE REPEATER/ GATEWAY 8. MANAGED REPEATER/ GATEWAY

Services Supported by ISI To Other Regional SCN To other TETRA Networks ISI Regional To other Local SCN ISI Applications Measured System Expansion Multi-sourcing of the Infrastructure Interoperability between different TETRA Systems Cross-border Roaming Individual call Group Call Mobility Management Short Data Service Supplementary Service Security SCN: Switching Control Node NMS: Network Management System BS: Base Station To other Services Supported by ISI

Peripheral Equipment Interface (PEI) MT2 TE2 TETRA INFRASTRUCTURE Services offered by PEI Set-up & Communication - Packet Data - Circuit Data - Short Data Set-up & Control - Speech Calls Access to: - Data on MT2 & Infrastructure - User Applications on MT2 PEI

Access Services through PEI Protocol Layers APPLICATIONS TCP UDP IP TNP1 Three access services are defined across the PEI AT (attention) Commands are used to access Circuit Mode Data Service, Short Data Service and Radio Configuration TNP1, TETRA Network Protocol 1, allows remote access to Circuit Mode Control Entity (CMCE), Radio Packet Data Service is accessed via PPP platform in the PEI by TCP or UDP protocols through the intermediate IP layer Physical Layer: ITU-T V.24/V.28 with speeds normally < 20 kbit/s (up to 64 kbit/s possible) PEI DOMAIN Access Services through PEI Protocol Layers PPP V. 24/V. 28 TO MOBILE STATION

ISI : Protocol Stack ISI Physical Layer based on Digital 64 kbit/s TETRA INFRASTRUCTURE 1 TETRA INFRASTRUCTURE 2 ton TETRA ANF TETRA ANF Specific TETRA Operation c TETRA operation Specific TETRA Operation ITU-T Rec. X.229 ISI ITU-T Rec. X.229 ISO/IEC 11582 ISO/IEC 11582 ISO/IEC 11572 ISO/IEC 11572 ETS 300 402-1 and 2 ETS 300 402-1 and 2 Physical Layer based on Digital 64 kbit/s Connection TETRA Voice Coding maintained User Information encoded as 8 kbit/s N x 8kbit/s Multiplexing according to ITU Rec. I. 460 Higher layers according to PSS1 (Q.Sig.) standard Layer 1 Layer 1 PRIVATE SIGNALLING SYSTEM 1 (PSS1) USED IN ISI STANDARD

IP Inter-working Interface Host Packet Data Network IPI Inter-Network Backbone Gi Gp Gi GGSN BG BG GGSN Gn Gn Internal Backbone Internal Backbone ISI IP Inter-working (IPI) plus roaming support between two TETRA networks is based on GPRS Tunneling Protocol Standard GPRS interfaces Gp, Gn and Gi are used for inter-working directly or via a third IP network Roaming profile is supplied through ISI between home and visiting databases BG is the Border Gateway providing Gp with security functions TETRA SNDCP* sub-layer and the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) provide IMSI-ITSI association * SNDCP: Sub Network Dependent Convergence Protocol HDB VDB HDB VDB TETRA Infrastructure 1 TETRA Infrastructure 2

TETRA IP Network and Internet TETRA as an IP Network Content Provider Network Management Center WAP Terminal IP WAP GW Internet Database LAN Server IP IP Corporate Intranet IP Switching/ Routing Network IP IP GPS Bluetooth IP TETRA IP Network and Internet Control Room Server IP Internet/intranet connectivity - WAP enabled handset and micro-browser, or: - Using data terminal connected to handset via PEI (wired or bluetooth connection) - WAP gateway for WML conversion and HTML Standard APIs for a range of applications - AVL - Others Network IP routing to BS level already available User to user voice over IP is now a real possibility IP routing throughout the network in the near future TETRA Infrastructure IP Voice/IP Dispatcher

Standard API and Applications Internet Access AVL Telemetry Standard API WAP Proprietary Bearer Service IP Packet Data Circuit Mode Data SDS TETRA ADAPTATION LAYER Data Application Examples Data base interrogation/updates (p,s) File transfer (c,p) Messaging/paging (p,s) Vehicle location (p,s) Telemetry (p,s) Video transmission (c) Image transfer/graphics (c,p) Computer aided despatch (p,s) Mobile office (c,p,s) Network

Network Management (1) (Internal) Authentication Centre NMS Client LAN SCN Server Disks 21” 15” NMC ROUTER Client Internal network Management caters for monitoring and control of a TETRA network whether single site or national in extent. External network management is applied to two or more TETRA networks connected by ISI. Due to a flexible infrastructure policy, no attempt was made at EPT to standardise Internal NM architecture and interfaces. Many concepts, architectures, interfaces and protocols such as TMN, CORBA, CMIS/P, SNMP, DiffServe and others have been defined by standardisation bodies for NM. The choice depends on infrastructure details. However, Project TETRA has defined a simplified external NM scheme as a recommendation, now incorporated in the Designer’s Guide.

Network Management (2) (external) TETRA 1 ISI TETRA 2 NMC NMC ISI ISI TETRA 3 NMC Performance Management Fault or Maintenance Management Subscriber Management Accounting Management Security Management Central Management of more than 1 TETRA system Primarily a monitoring role Only a sub-set of NMC functions Interoperability between different manufacturer’s LNM Management of ISI and inter-TETRA links Management of wide area roamers CNM

PSTN Gateway PSTN PSTNGW Clear Mode Speech (Point-to-Point or Point-to-Multipoint) Maintenance of Signalling across the Gateway Echo Cancellation (Full-Duplex) Request to transmit from PSTN or Voice Detection Device (Half-Duplex) TETRA Codec Function Numbering Conversion No Interaction with Supplementary Services

ISDN Gateway ISDN 2B+D 30B+2D ISDNGW Matching TETRA signalling and ISDN DSS1 signalling Addressing a TETRA user from ISDN using two stage dialling or via ISDN supplementary services Primary and basic rate (not multiple gateways on the same basic rate bus) Circuit mode data not part of this standard Request to transmit from ISDN or voice detection device (half duplex) Partial invocation of TETRA and ISDN supplementary services across the gateway Trans-coding and rate adaptation to 64 kbit/s PCM

Control Room Gateway (1) GSM Internet GPS Databases ICCS Corporate Intranet Control Room Gateway Internet Server AVL Controller Dispatchers TETRA The flexibility to incorporate: PSTN / ISDN IT System Call Logging CCTV Paging Fax / Email Voice Recording Others Telephony Radio UHF/VHF, TETRA Voice Recording Call Logging Interactive Voice Response Intercom Public Address CCTV The Future…. Legacy Radios Paging GSM Voice Over IP PSTN Call Routing and Voice Messaging Electronic Communication Email, Fax, Chat Ancillary Devices Databases & IT Systems

Control Room Gateway (2) Not standardized because of different applications requirements from different user sectors Current trend is to include Flexible Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) which: Facilitate Programming at a higher abstraction level Allow integration of radio functionality in different systems Guarantee flexibility of control center configuration Allow GUI’s customization Management of following functionalities through API using API libraries or through messages : Audio parameters Individual and Group Users Supplementary services Alarms TO control room application client API Client Application Server Gateway Engine To TETRA Switch Interface

Conclusions TETRA Architectures and Interfaces allow: Spectrally-efficient feature rich communication Choice of trunked or direct modes Interoperability between different TETRA networks Multimedia services, Internet access and mobile office capability Extensive data applications capability Inter-working with public networks High level of security