1. Overview of TETRA and its Services & Facilities
Päivi Laakso
Nokia

2. Agenda TETRA and its objectives Standards, system architecture
Interoperability
TDMA technology
Voice communication services
Data communication services
Security services
Future

3. Objectives behind TETRA standard
Define a digital Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) standard to satisfy the current and future needs of especially Public Safety and other PMR users across Europe
Unite fragmented PMR markets into one common market - harmonized use of spectrum
Fulfill European authority co-operation requirements (Schengen Treaty) to enable European Integration – cross-border operation using common frequency spectrum
Define a digital Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) standard to satisfy the current and future needs of all PMR users across Europe
-> Trans-European Trunked RAdio
-> TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (1996)
Unite fragmented PMR markets into one common market
-> increase competition, accelerate development, increase volume, lower costs
-> diversify product selection, provide interoperability and second source security
Fulfill European Police cooperation requirements to enable European Integration
-> common technology and frequency used throughout European Union to allow cross-border operations to meet the commitments of the Schengen Agreement

4. Goals during TETRA standard creation
Users:
desired features
choice
competition
Radio regulators:
spectral efficiency
harmonisation
Operators:
desired features
data services
competition
cost effectiveness
Manufacturers:
open market volumes
to ensure open standards, the ETSI IPR policy stipulates patented solutions to be made available at fair and reasonable terms
Goals during TETRA standard creation

5. TETRA market today Number of TETRA contracts in July 2004
505 contracts (325 contracts by September 2003)
Europe 357
APAC 53
Africa 18
Latin America 24
Middle East 26
Very positive user experiences from networks that are in operation
TETRA has improved the security and safety of field units
Shared multi-agency operations have been effective during incidents
Open standard has affected product pricing, resulting in very competitive prices compared to single vendor solutions
Advanced wireless data applications have entered professionals’ daily work

6. TETRA System Building Blocks
PSTN
PABX ISDN
LAN
WAN
Intranet
Internet
TETRA exchange
TETRA base station
Network management
Dispatching solution
Integrated command and control
services
planning and deploying
TETRA terminals
TETRA applications
Connectivity products

7. Examples of TETRA networks
VIRVE, Country-wide public safety network in Finland
15 switches, over 1200 base stations
Users: police, fire, rescue, customs, frontier guards, social and health services
Aéroports de Paris
1 switch, 15 base stations
Users: maintenance and security personnel of airports

8. Core TETRA standards and standard interfaces
Inter-System Interface (ISI)
Peripheral Equipment Interface (PEI)
Air Interface (AI)
Voice plus data (V+D)
Direct Mode Operation (DMO)
Conformance testing
TETRA Speech Codec
DMO
Network A
Network B
See
TETRA is more than a standard: multiple standards in one.
PEI AI
ISI

9. TETRA service classification
TETRA is not only a radio access standard, it is also a standard defining the services and functionality
Nearly 30 supplementary services:
priorities, late entry, DGNA, …
- fleet services
- telephony supplementary services
In the TETRA standards terminology Teleservice means end-to-end voice application form microphone to earpiece or loudspeaker, and Bearer service means managed transport of bit stream between interfaces.
TETRA standard specifies really an extensive set of supplementary services. The mission critical users in Europe guided the first focus to so-called Priority 1 set of supplementary services:
- Ambience Listening - AL
- Access Priority - AP
- Area Selection - AS
- Call Authorised by Dispatcher - CAD
- Discreet Listening - DL
- Dynamic Group Number Assignment - DGNA
- Late Entry - LE
- Priority Call - PC
- Pre-emptive Priority Call - PPC
Bearer services
= data transport:
- packet, circuit, single/multi-slot
Teleservices
= voice calls:
- one-to-one, group, broadcast

10. Nature of TETRA standard
The TETRA standard by ETSI
Provides
Rich variety of tools and mechanisms to meet user requirements
Multiple possibilities to implement end-user services
 Need to agree a common implementation to achieve interoperability
TETRA interoperability certification ensures open multivendor market.

11. What does interoperability mean?
Radio terminals and network infrastructures from different manufacturers work together
MARKET
Interoperability between products and features
User and
regulatory
requirements
requirements
User
requirements
User
Products and features
Standard
ETSI
standardisation
process
Interoperability
profiles under
TETRA MoU
Manu-
fracturers
Implemen-
tations
Interoper-
ability
tests
Technology development

12. Interoperability (IOP) - Advantages
For user
Manufacturer independent supply and 2nd source guarantee
Benefits of competition
Wider selection of products (gateway, special terminals etc.)
Lower prices
Constant improvements
Increased speed of innovation
For manufacturer
Larger (global) market
Critical mass for special products
Potential to focus to own strengths
Increased investment opportunity
Faster time to market
One common and independent specification
No vendor bias

13. What makes TETRA unique
Fast call set-up time
Excellent voice quality, elimination background noise
Direct Mode (DMO)
Queuing
Spectrum Efficiency via TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access, 4 channels on 25 kHz)
Pre-emptive priorities
Versatile dispatching and fleet management possibilities
TETRA is the only open standard to effectively combine group radio communications, mobile telephony and mobile data.
TETRA TDMA principle
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
4 channels per 25 kHz carrier
4 calls per 25 kHz carrier (data or voice)
Voice and Data can be transmitted simultaneously
The most demanding PMR user communities have had their needs clearly visible in the standard contents, aiming at:
- ultra fast response times
- security
- availability of service under all circumstances.
Only TETRA provides all this in the same package.

14. What makes TETRA Unique
Uncompromising security
Preventing eavesdropping of communication
authentication of radios (and networks)
air interface encryption
end-to-end encryption support
disabling of stolen radios
Access to data from the field with TETRA data services
TETRA radio interface is designed and optimized for circuit voice and packet data

15. Voice communication services
Excellent voice quality
Fast call set-up
Individual (one-to-one) calls
Express calls (push and talk)
Group communication
group calls
scanning of groups
dynamic regrouping
group area
broadcast groups
Emergency calls
Direct mode
Excellent set of voice (+ integrated voice & data) features for both private dedicated networks and commercial public access operator networks.
The ACELP voice codec used in TETRA is especially optimised to reduce background noise to facilitate clear communication in noisy environments.
TETRA can provide, and is providing today:
- immediate access to the entire talkgroup or multiple talkgroups
- efficient fleet management by use of voice and data messaging
- security of information
- enhanced user safety
- means to extend radio coverage
- plus powerful telephony services combined with group communication.

16. Dispatcher functions Group monitoring & communication Joining groups
Preemptive speech item
Group member list
Dynamic regrouping
Broadcast group

17. Data Communication Services
Database
Status service
- efficient, real time
Short Data Service, SDS
- text messaging + applications
IP packet data
- Internet/intranet access from the field
Circuit mode data
The two main data transport capabilities in TETRA networks will be:
- status + SDS for fast condensed messaging
- IP packet data for volume data transfer and Internet connectivity.
TETRA becomes the mobile Internet platform for professional radio users.

18. End-to-end applications for end-user needs
TETRA addresses the specific data application needs of different user communities by providing fleet specific content to each fleet.
The applications are created by specialised data application providers, who have deep understanding of the operational needs and conditions of that specific user segment.
The systems provide powerful and easy to connect Application Programming Interfaces (API) for fast connection of existing and new data applications to the system.
It is important to realize that a substantial part of the attractiveness of the communications solution is created by timely provision of fit-to-purpose end-to-end applications.

19. Security Services Secured access to communication Authentication
Air interface encryption
End-to-end encryption
Separated technical and operational management

20. TETRA Network Development Trends
Shared Multi-Agency Network
Nation Wide Service
Advanced
Security
Services
No Network Boundaries
Advanced
Data
Services
Optimised Total Cost of Ownership
WAP Services open possibilities for new ways of working
TETRA
Advanced Voice Services

21. TETRA Terminal Development Trends
Voice feedback giver users extra usability
Support for location solutions like integrated GPS
Small and lightweight yet robust, and manageable even when wearing protective gloves
User interface must be intuitive and easy to use
Colour display can convey more information and enables image transfer to terminals
WAP services open possibilities of entirely new ways of working
Benefits from mainstream improvements and new functionalities, like battery lifetime, image communication
Messaging and packet data enhance group communication

22. Future with TETRA
TETRA standard is being developed to support higher data rates
TETRA Release 2 will support TEDS (TETRA Enhanced Data Service)
User Requirements Specification for TEDS developed based on query among ETSI members, main input from Public Safety Users
Release 2/TEDS standard expected to be completed 2005
User data rates up to 100 kbit/s – databases, graphics, images, ...
Radio channels 25, 50, 100 kHz, multi-carrier modulation
Backward compatibility with TETRA Release 1 control channel for easier upgrades of networks
The future of TETRA standard and technology is now secure through the 3rd generation era.
TETRA will stay competitive, and can become the 3G of professional users.
More information at
TETRA Release 2 will maintain the competitiveness of TETRA for the years to come

23. TETRA is ready, TETRA is future-proof, TETRA is global
Conclusions
TETRA is the global open standard for digital professional radio communications
mission critical voice and group dispatch
mobile telephony
advanced data transfer and applications
Real and open multi-vendor supply
TETRA brings Internet/Intranet access to mobile workforce
TETRA is secure
TETRA is ready, TETRA is future-proof, TETRA is global