1. Overview of TETRA and its Services & Facilities
Ole Arrhenius
Nokia

2. Agenda TETRA and its objectives Standards, system architecture
Interoperability
TDMA technology
Voice communication services
Data communication services
Future

3. Objectives behind TETRA standard
Define a digital Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) standard to satisfy the current and future needs of especially Public Safety and other PMR users across Europe
Unite fragmented PMR markets into one common market - harmonized use of spectrum
Fulfill European authority co-operation requirements (Schengen Treaty) to enable European Integration – cross-border operation using common frequency spectrum
Define a digital Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) standard to satisfy the current and future needs of all PMR users across Europe
-> Trans-European Trunked RAdio
-> TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (1996)
Unite fragmented PMR markets into one common market
-> increase competition, accelerate development, increase volume, lower costs
-> diversify product selection, provide interoperability and second source security
Fulfill European Police cooperation requirements to enable European Integration
-> common technology and frequency used throughout European Union to allow cross-border operations to meet the commitments of the Schengen Agreement

4. Goals during TETRA standard creation
Users:
desired features
choice
competition
Radio regulators:
spectral efficiency
harmonisation
Operators:
desired features
data services
competition
cost effectiveness
Manufacturers:
open market volumes
to ensure open standards, the ETSI IPR policy stipulates patented solutions to be made available at fair and reasonable terms
Goals during TETRA standard creation

5. TETRA is no longer limited to only Europe
TETRA has been adapted by many countries outside Europe, especially in Asia
Latin America and Africa also emerging
In early 2001 TETRA was awarded industry standard status in China
Several TETRA contracts in China already now

6. Core TETRA standards and standard interfaces
Air Interface (AI)
Voice plus data (V+D)
Direct Mode Operation (DMO)
Conformance testing
TETRA Speech Codec
Packet Data Optimized (PDO)
Inter-System Interface (ISI)
Peripheral Equipment Interface (PEI)
DMO AI
ISI
PEI
Network A
Network B
Note: New standards are now published in the TS x-y (Technical Standard) or EN x-y (European Norm) series instead of ETS x-y.
ETS … (Voice + Data, interfaces, services. etc.)
ETS … (Conformance testing)
ETS … (Speech codec)
ETS … (DMO)
ETR … (Designers' Guide)
Latest issues:
- EN V Air interface
- TS V Channel plan
See
TETRA is more than a standard: multiple standards in one.

7. -------------------------------------------
Co-operation
group 1
Operational Management
Organisations’ own dispatchers manage their own virtual private networks
Co-operation when needed
Ambulance group 1
Police
group 1
DWS
Authorised dispatcher can modify groups over the air
Combining needed units
With Nokia TETRA it’s very easy to combine units from different authorities into the same co-operation groups.
A dispatcher with permission to do so simply builds the new groups and sends them over the air to the units. This is possible from both fixed and mobile command and control centres.
Technical Management
Network Management
Physical Radio Network

8. Road to interoperability
MARKET
Interoperability between products and features
User and
regulatory
requirements
requirements
User
requirements
User
Products and features
Standard
ETSI
standardisation
process
Interoperability
profiles under
TETRA MoU
Manufacturers
implementations
Interoper-
ability
tests
TETRA Interoperability work conducted under TETRA MoU Association's Technical Forum.
Testing has been done in the laboratory of Tele Danmark.
TETRA Interoperability Profile - TIP:
TIP version 1
TIP version 2.11, ( TIP v2.11 ) - March 2000
TIP version 3, available
TIP version 4, passed Members' Enquiry and resolution, agreed
TIP version 5, partially agreed
DMO TETRA Interoperability Profile, DmTIP v100 - March 2000,
TTR 02 V Nov 2000
ISI phase 1 TIP, agreed
ISI phase 2 TIP, under specification
Technology development

9. Interoperability in practice
TETRA Interoperability ensures a multi vendor market with healthy price competition
Sepura Ltd
TETRA World Congress 1999 demonstrated the TIP v.1 interoperability in practice with four suppliers' equipment.
Since that, new suppliers have joined the IOP work, and testing of TIP v.2 & v.3 has been done.
Granted TIP certificates:
TIP 1: Marconi, Motorola, Nokia, Simoco, Cleartone, Teltronic, Rohde & Schwartz
TIP 2/infrastructure: Marconi, Motorola, Nokia, Simoco (Jul 2001), Rohde & Schwartz (Sep 2001)
TIP 2/terminals: Cleartone, Marconi, Motorola, Nokia, Simoco, Teltronic (Aug 2001)
DMO TIP: Cleartone, Marconi, Nokia, Simoco (Jul 2001, also Motorola expected soon)
TIP 3: Certificate publication expected Dec 2001
Today we have wide participation in the interoperability work
Sepura Ltd

10. TETRA TDMA principle SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
4 channels per 25 kHz carrier
4 calls per 25 kHz carrier (data or voice)
Voice and Data can be transmitted simultaneously
36 kbits/s
gross bit
rate 1 2
4 channels 3 4
Carrier
TDMA generally contributes to:
- improved spectral efficiency
- lower cost radio base stations with less components per channel.
TDMA is the obvious channel access method when traffic volume exceeds a couple of Erlang per cell.
Other main characteristics of TETRA air I/f:
- linear (pi/4) DQPSK modulation --> good adj channel rejection
- ACELP 4.8 kbit vocoder --> tolerates background noise.
Four user channels multiplexed
into one 25 kHz carrier
SPECTRUM
EFFICIENCY

11. What makes TETRA unique
Instant group communication
Fast call set-up time
Direct Mode (DMO)
Queuing
Pre-emptive priorities
Versatile dispatching and fleet management possibilities
Uncompromising security
authentication of radios (and networks)
air interface encryption,
end-to-end encryption support
disabling of stolen radios
Access to data from the field with TETRA data services
TETRA radio interface is designed and optimized for circuit voice and packet data
TETRA is the only open standard to effectively combine group radio communications, mobile telephony and mobile data.
The most demanding PMR user communities have had their needs clearly visible in the standard contents, aiming at:
- ultra fast response times
- security
- availability of service under all circumstances.
Only TETRA provides all this in the same package.

12. TETRA service classification
TETRA is not only a radio access standard, it is also a standard defining the services and functionality
Nearly 30 supplementary services:
priorities, late entry, DGNA, …
- fleet services
- telephony supplementary services
In the TETRA standards terminology Teleservice means end-to-end voice application form microphone to earpiece or loudspeaker, and Bearer service means managed transport of bit stream between interfaces.
TETRA standard specifies really an extensive set of supplementary services. The mission critical users in Europe guided the first focus to so-called Priority 1 set of supplementary services:
- Ambience Listening - AL
- Access Priority - AP
- Area Selection - AS
- Call Authorised by Dispatcher - CAD
- Discreet Listening - DL
- Dynamic Group Number Assignment - DGNA
- Late Entry - LE
- Priority Call - PC
- Pre-emptive Priority Call - PPC
Bearer services
= data transport:
- packet, circuit, single/multi-slot
Teleservices
= voice calls:
- one-to-one, group, broadcast

13. Voice communication services
Excellent voice quality
Fast call set-up
Individual (one-to-one) calls
Express calls (push and talk)
Group communication
group calls
scanning of groups
dynamic regrouping
group area
broadcast groups
Emergency calls
Direct mode
Excellent set of voice (+ integrated voice & data) features for both private dedicated networks and commercial public access operator networks.
The ACELP vocoder used in TETRA is especially optimised to reduce background noise to facilitate clear communication in noisy environments.
TETRA can provide, and is providing today:
- immediate access to the entire talkgroup or multiple talkgroups
- efficient fleet management by use of voice and data messaging
- security of information
- enhanced user safety
- means to extend radio coverage
- plus powerful telephony services combined with group communication.

14. Dispatcher functions Group monitoring & communication Joining groups
Preemptive speech item
Group member list
Dynamic regrouping
Broadcast group.
The dispatcher has many functions for monitoring the group communication and communicating with the groups. Each talk group can be in different levels of monitoring:
- Active use, sound comes from right speacke or headset (only one group at the same time)
- Use, sound comes from left speaker
- Audio monitoring, dispatcher hears sound from left speaker but cannot speak
- Event Monitoring, dispatcher sees speech items in group, but does not hear them
Dispatcher can speak into several groups at the same time when he joines them. The groups are only joined from the dispatcher point of view, the groups do not hear eachother.
The dispatcher has the right to make pre-emptive speech items, this overrides any other speaker in the group, so the dispatcher can always speak.
The group memberlist provides the dispatcher with important information of group members: home organisation, location (base station) and activity status. The activity status is updated by the status messages sent by group members.
The dispatcher can create new groups and add new members to talk groups , which will be programmed into the radio terminals automatically over the air.
The Dispatcher can use broadcast groups to give instructions to field personnel of different groups. Broadcast groups are always scanned by the radios.

15. Data communication services
Database
Status service
- efficient, real time
Short Data Service, SDS
- text messaging + applications
IP packet data
- opens the world of network connectivity
Circuit mode data
- for specialized applications like video surveillance
The two main data transport capabilities in TETRA networks will be:
- status + SDS for fast condensed messaging
- IP packet data for volume data transfer and Internet connectivity.
The decision to adopt IP packet data in TETRA was done just at the right moment.
TETRA becomes the mobile Internet platform for professional radio users.

16. End-to-end applications for end-user needs
Database access, work orders, fleet management, reporting
Intra/Internet access, work orders, fleet management, reporting
TETRA addresses the specific data application needs of different user communities by providing fleet specific content to each fleet.
The applications are created by specialised data application providers, who have deep understanding of the operational needs and conditions of that specific user segment.
The systems provide powerful and easy to connect Application Programming Interfaces (API) for fast connection of existing and new data applications to the system.
It is important to realize that a substantial part of the attractiveness of the communications solution is created by timely provision of fit-to-purpose end-to-end applications.

17. Seamless Communications through TETRA
TETRA functionality provides officer safety and ultimate reliable and secure access
IT servers
GPRS/UMTS 3G access
WAP servers
End
users
TETRA IP
packet core
and
backbone
TETRA access
Dispatchers
User organizations

18. planning and deploying Integrated commad and control
TETRA base station
TETRA exchange
Dispatching solution
Network management
services
planning and deploying
Integrated commad and control
Intranet
Internet
LAN
WAN
PSTN
PABX ISDN
TETRA terminals
TETRA applications
Connectivity products

19. Future with TETRA
ETSI board decided to initiate standardisation of TETRA Release 2
fast packet data --> next generation for professional users
improved 3G cellular interworking
radio network performance improvement study project
rural long range cells
ETSI work continues under updated Terms of Reference
Future-safe technology --> TETRA will take advantage of all available and coming mainstream technologies as GSM, WLAN, GPRS and 3G
The future of TETRA standard and technology is now secure through the 3rd generation era.
TETRA will stay competitive, and can become the 3G of professional users.
The group voice and dispatch application parts of TETRA are already ready for use now, and will stay as they are, forming the basis of new possibilities. There is no reason to delay network procurement while waiting for the outcome of Release 2 standardisation work.
More information at

20. TETRA is ready, TETRA is future-proof, TETRA is global
Conclusions
TETRA is the global open standard for digital professional radio communications
mission critical voice and group dispatch
mobile telephony
advanced data transfer and applications
Real and open multi-vendor supply
TETRA brings Internet/Intranet access to mobile workforce
TETRA is secure
TETRA is ready, TETRA is future-proof, TETRA is global