Overview of the Science Course

What do the following have in common?

What similarities do the lego model and the person who made it have?

Both the Lego model and the human are made up of building blocks! But what are our building blocks! CELLS! All living things are made up of cells

Animal and Plant Cells

Objective and Outcomes To describe the structure and function of animal and plant cells. Label a animal and plant cell correctly. (E/D) Describe the functions of the different organelles within both animal and plant cells. (C/B) Do calculations to calculate actual size, length of image and magnification of a specimen. (B/A)

How can we be so complicated but made of just cells? There are loads of different types of cells, but they all still have the same basic structure with a few similarities. Just like Lego blocks are made of same basic structure but with small differences to allow for loads of different shapes !

What you need to know? Describe the function of the components of a plant cell including chloroplast, large vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm and nucleus. Describe the function of the components of an animal cell including cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm and nucleus.

Your Task Use the information provided to draw and label plant and animal cells. Your diagrams must include the key structures highlighted in the specification alongside descriptions of their functions.

The Animal Cell The control centre of the cell is called the The part of the cell that allows chemicals in and out is called the The liquid inside an animal cell is called Respiration happens in the Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria

The Plant Cell The control centre of the cell is called the The part of the cell that allows chemicals in and out is called the The is where the plant stores food that it has made. The gives the plant cell structure so that it doesn't sag, it is made of cellulose. The liquid inside a plant cell is called Photosynthesis happens in the Cell WallCytoplasm Cell Membrane Nucleus VacuoleChloroplasts

Cell Membranes / Cell Walls Do not get confused between cell membranes and cell walls. All cells have a cell membrane around their cytoplasm Only plant cells have cell walls, to make them rigid

What’s the difference? Animal Plant Both Use the known functions of each feature to organise them into the following groups…

Microscopes In light microscopes, light passes through a specimen and then through magnifying lenses so you see the object much bigger than it really is.

Microscopes let us see things that we can’t see with the naked eye. Light microscopes were invented in the 1950’s. They let us see things like nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Microscopes Light Microscopes Invented in 1590’s. They let use see things like nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Electron Microscopes Invented in the 1930’s. Let use see much smaller things in more detail like the internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Magnification The length of the magnified object = Length of the object X Magnification Rearranging this tells us that Length of object = Length of the magnified object The magnification

1. A scientist looks at a cell with a microscope that has a magnification of times 40. The cell is 0.1 mm long. Calculate the size of the magnified image. (2) 2. The electron microscope can magnify images than the light microscope. (ii) The diagram shows a sperm cell that has been magnified times. Calculate the actual length of the sperm cell.

Answers 1.40 X 0.1 = / =

Independent Study Bacteria cells are different to plant and animal cells. Your task is to draw a labelled bacteria cell, the four parts you need to include are, Chromosmal DNA, plasmids, flagellum and cell wall. Make sure you describe the function of each part.

Bacterial Features

NucleusControls the activities of the Cell Cell Membrane Controls what moves in and out of the cell Mitochondria Where respiration takes place and provides energy for the cell Cell WallProvides support for the cell. Cytoplasm Jelly like substance that has dissolved substances in it. PlasmidLoop of DNA that carries extra information Chromosomal DNA Giant loop of DNA containing genetic information but is not packed into a nucleus like other plant and animal cells FlagellumLong structures that help bacteria to move around. Not all bacteria has a flagellum