Part II: Post-Petrine Consolidation (4) Nationalities & Culture
VI. Nationalities
1. Themes a.Turning point b.Diversity c.Administrative russification d.Agricultural Settlement
2. Structure of Minority Populations a.Internal Muscovite groups b.Uralic and Siberian peoples c.Central Asia d.Caucasus e.Ukraine f.Polish territories g.Baltics
German Colonist and Wife
Kamchatka Woman, 1770s
Crimean Tatars (Pallas Sketch, 1770s)
3. Conclusions a.Diversity, complexity b.Strain toward integration (“administrative russification”) c.Cultural limits: religious and cultural assimilation
VII Culture
1. Themes a.Elite acculturation b.Creation of cultural institutions c.National self-consciousness d.First radicals e.Orthodox enlightenment
2. Science and Scholarship a.Academy of Sciences b.Moscow University
Peter S. Pallas: Academician and Explorer of Siberia
Rychkov, Daily Notes (1770) Sketch of Tatar Village
M.V. Lomonosov
Moscow University Charter (1755)
Moscow University 1790
Moscow University
3. Education a.Pre-Petrine b.Catherine’s Public Schools (1786)
Betskoi and Smolnyi Institut
4. High Culture a.Elizabethan era b.Catherinean
Book Publishing, IntervalAnnual averagePercent in civil script
Ezhemesiachnye sochineniia (Monthly Works)
Mikhail Lomonosov, Poetry Collection (1751)
Fedor Volkov, Founder of Russian Theater (1756)
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin
Nikolai Karamzin
V.L. Borovikovskii Portrait of M. Lopukhina (1797)
5. National Consciousness a.Why? Decline of religious identity Foreign travel Foreigners in top state positions b.Reactions Critique of francomania Discovery of the folk Inventing history
Novikov: Satire on Russian Dandy “Young Russian pig, who has travelled in foreign countries for enlightenment of his mind and, having completed his travels without profit, has returned a complete swine. Those wishing to inspect him may see him on the boulevards of St. Petersburg.”
Dmitrii Iv. Chulkov: Collection of Popular Songs
M.M. Shcherbatov, History of Russia (1771)
Historical Consciousness Aleksandr Sumarokov, 1760 “Those who proclaim that we were nothing but barbarians before Peter the Great... Do not know what they are talking about. Our ancestors were in no way inferior to us.”
6. First Dissenters a.Novikov and masons b.Critical public opinion c.Alexander Radishchev, A Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow (1790)
Nikolai I. Novikov
Novikov’s Truten’ ( )
Alexander Radishchev
Radishchev’s Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow (1790)
7. Popular Religion a.The Faithful: Rechristianization b.The Dissenters: Old Believers and Sectarians