IGCSE Business Studies 2.1.1 The importance of a well motivated workforce

Learning Outcomes To be able to understand: Why people work and what motivation means To be able to understand and apply: The concept of human needs – Maslow’s Hierarchy Key motivation theories: Taylor and Herzberg

How can we define motivation? So What is motivation???

Motivation… Some definitions

What’s the motivation? What might have motivated these people?

Task Can you think of a time when you (or someone else you know) really really wanted to achieve a particular goal? What motivated you (them)? Let’s get them written on the board

Why do people work and what makes them work hard once they’re there? Motivation and Work

Why do people work? Brainstorm as many reasons as you can

Increasing Worker Motivation To get the best out of workers firms need to understand why people work and what might make them motivated to work harder. Very Easy Question……. What are the benefits to a business of having a motivated workforce?

Why is Motivation Important? Higher productivity Better quality work Better customer service Improved teamwork Lower absenteeism Lower labour turnover These all lead to LOWER COSTS or HIGHER REVENUES and therefore Higher Profits Task: Can you analyse how? Write one sentence fully explaining ONE benefit of having a motivated work force

Task What does this picture mean? What types of factors do you think would motivate employees to work harder? Think of as many ideas as you can

The concept of Human Needs - Maslow

Abraham Maslow

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970) introduced the Neo-Human Relations School in the 1950’s, which focused on the psychological needs of employees. Maslow put forward a theory that there are five levels of human needs All of the needs are structured into a hierarchy Once a level of need has been fully met, a person will be motivated by the opportunity of having the next need up in the hierarchy satisfied

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Research Maslow’s hierarchy and fill in your template Include the name (or names) of each level and a description of what each level means Students must have access to template either on paper or soft copy.

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Self Actualisation Needs Esteem Needs Social Needs Safety Needs Basic Needs

Maslow’s levels of Need Basic Needs: We must satisfy our basic human needs to survive Safety needs (security): Workers want to know that they won’t be made redundant and that their working environment is safe Social needs: People want to be accepted as part of a group, like a family at home or a team in the workplace Esteem needs: People want to feel that others respect them for what they can do Self-respect is also important Self-actualisation: The opportunity to achieve your full potential

Applying Maslow in the workplace Which level of needs will each of these meet? Applying Maslow in the workplace

Paying workers a fair salary Which need? Paying workers a fair salary

Giving an employee a promotion Which need/needs? Giving an employee a promotion

Having a staff Christmas party? Which need/needs? Having a staff Christmas party?

Employee of the month scheme Which need/needs? Employee of the month scheme

Providing protective clothing Which need/needs? Providing protective clothing

Task How can employers aim to satisfy the needs at each level of the hierarchy? Each group will take one need and brainstorm ideas: Basic Needs Safety Needs Social Needs Esteem Needs Self Actualisation House points for the best ideas.

The hierarchy of needs version 2.0????

Key Motivation Theories Frederick Herzberg and Frederick Taylor Key Motivation Theories

Frederick Herzberg: Two Factor Theory

Task Let Frederick Herzberg introduce you to his thoughts on what motivates workers Watch the video ‘Jumping for Jellybeans’

Questions: What are the 2 types of factors that Herzberg identifies? What are some examples of these 2 factors? What is the difference between movement and motivation? What is job enrichment? What is meant by KITA?

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Herzberg developed the idea of job satisfaction In the right circumstances, people can get pleasure from their work If people enjoy their work they will be MOTIVATED Herzberg stated that MOTIVATION is different to MOVEMENT

The Two Factors Herzberg said that there are two types of factors that affect workers motivation Motivators Hygiene Factors Factors which if present will motivate staff Relate to the work it’s self Factors which will not in themselves motivate, but will demotivate staff if they are not present Relate to working conditions Also known as maintenance factors

Frederick W Taylor: Scientific Management

What Taylor thought….. Famous for applying his principles of scientific management to the world of work. Taylor was interested to see whether a job or work could be designed to increase efficiency. He tried to break down tasks into smaller steps and look at exactly how production actually worked.

Task Watch the video clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PdmNbqtDdI

Questions: What were Taylor’s core principles? What were the benefits of Taylor’s approach? What were the problems of Taylor’s approach? What was Taylor’s view on pay? What do you think Herzberg would think of Taylor’s principles?

Taylor’s Views….. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1917) put forward the idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. His Theory of Scientific Management argued that workers do not naturally enjoy work and so need close supervision and control Managers should break down production into a series of small tasks Workers should then be given appropriate training and tools so they can work as efficiently as possible on one set task. He advocated Piece Rate Pay Henry Ford adopted Taylors approach, as it increases productivity and reduces unit costs. However workers soon came to dislike Taylor’s approach as they were only given boring, repetitive tasks to carry out and were being treated little better than human machines. Firms could also afford to lay off workers as productivity levels increased.

Motivation theories time line Taylor’s Scientific Management 1950s Herzberg’s Two Factory Theory 1940s Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Homework To what extent are Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s 2 factor Theory similar in their approach to worker motivation? (12 marks)