2. Work and motivation
Unit 2

3. Why is it important for a business to keep its workers motivated?
Think about the following:
Productivity
Quality of work
Loyalty to employer

4. Why is it important for a business to keep its workers motivated?
Higher profit
More productive
Motivated worker
HIGHER PROFIT
More customers
Better service
Loyal to company
Experienced workers
Lower training costs

5. Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs

6. Reading: Theory X and theory Y Find words or phrases that mean:
Overseeing workers
Pay rise, bonus
The opposite of threaten
Supervising, controlling workers, telling them what to do
Monetary incentive
Reward

7. What do you think these mean? Explain!

9. Finish the sentences: The X and Y Theory is a theory about …
Theory X
Theory Y
Workers are...
To make sure that workers do their job properly, a manager has to ...
There are 2 ways to motivate workers:...
Traditionally Theory X is applied to ...
People ...
To motivate employees, a manager has to ...
Theory Y is more applicable to ...
Theory Y cannot simply replace Theory X, because ...

10. McGregor’s X and Y Theory & Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs
Explain: “Theory X relates to the basic ‘lower order ‘ needs ..., while Theory Y relates to ‘higher order’ needs ... that can be pursued if basic needs are satisfied.”

11. McGregor’s X and Y Theory & Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs
Higher order needs: Theory Y
Lower order needs: Theory X

12. Group the following into Maslow’s 5 categories.
Job security
safe working conditions
team work
how others see us at work
status symbols like cars, offices and new job titles
achieving your full potential
challenging job
a fair wage, a meal and rest facilities
order, direction
social facilities like a club or sports pitch
allowing staff to gain qualifications at work
promotion
breaks

13. Maslow’s pyramid of needs at the workplace
Physiological needs
A fair wage, a meal and rest facilities, breaks.
Safety needs
Job security, safe working conditions, order, direction
Social needs
team work, social facilities like a club or sports pitch
Esteem needs
how others see us at work, status symbols like cars, offices and new job titles. Allowing staff to gain qualifications at work, promotion
Self-actualisation
Achieving your full potential, promotion, challenging job

14. Why did Maslow later criticise Theory Y?
What do weak and vulnerable people need?
How does Maslow’s pyramid help you understand the criticism of Theory Y?

15. Company structures and theories of motivation.
Which company structures best suit
Theory X?
Theory Y?
What would you do to try to motivate subordinates who did not want to take responsibilities at work, and who had uninteresting, repetitive jobs?

16. Influence the context of work Help employees’ psychological growth
List hygiene factors and motivators from the text Where would you put these in Maslow’s pyramid?
Hygiene factors
Influence the context of work
Good labour relations
Good working conditions
Good wage or salary
Job security
Job safety
Benefits
Motivators
Help employees’ psychological growth
A challenging, interesting, creative job
Responsibility
Recognition
Promotion

17. Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs & Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Motivators
Hygene factors

18. Show the differences between Maslow’s and Herzberg’s theories
Explain:
“Hygiene factors do not motivate workers, they are merely dissatisfiers where they do not exist. A reward once given becomes a right.”
Choose the correct word:
Hygiene Factors can motivate/demotivate when not present. They are/are not creators of job satisfaction.
Motivators will motivate/demotivate when present. They are/are not creators of job satisfaction.

19. Tasks
Comprehension (p. 17)
Vocabulary (p. 18)
Case study (p. 19)

20. HW
RB, p. 40 Read the text and answer the question on the top of the page.