 What helped ideas spread so quickly during the Renaissance?

 Protestant Reformation- The movement of people away from the Catholic Church.  Martin Luther- Catholic monk who had many grievances against the Church, who broke away and created the Lutheran faith.  95 Theses- Written by Martin Luther, they described his grievances with the Church and started the Protestant Reformation.  Edict of Worms- Declared Luther an outlaw and Heretic.  Henry VII- King of England who broke away from the Catholic Church to create the Anglican faith.  Indulgences- Practice of the Catholic Church that allowed people to donate money in exchange for the pardon of sins.

 WARM UP: SUNDAY DILEMMA  EQ: WHAT WERE THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES THAT CHANGED THE STRUCTURE OF CHRISTIANITY?

 Invented by: › Johann Gutenberg in 1440  What was the first thing that he produced on the printing press › Gutenberg Bible in 1455 (first full sized book printed with movable type)

 How did the printing press affect European society? › Very positively › More copies for everyone by 1500 › Over 250 cities had printing press › People were learning to read because books were so accessible

 Emphasis was placed on the “individual” which is not good for Church Authority  The Printing Press helped spread secular ideas  Rulers didn’t like the Pope trying to control them!  Many Northerners (Germany) were resentful of paying taxes to Rome and that feeling eventually spread throughout Europe

 There were many corrupt leaders who spent too much money on personal pleasures, arts and war!  Many leaders of the Church were poorly educated and couldn’t read  Many even broke the vows they took as priests

Reformers John Wyliffe (England)Desiderius Erasmus Jan Hus (Bohemia)Thomas More Advocated for Church Greatly Criticized Church Reform in the late 1300 & early 1400’s

 Martin Luther › Became a Monk in 1505 › Taught at the University of Wittenberg (Germany) › Began by taking a stand against Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences. (Pardon for Sins)  Johann preached that buying of indulgences was a way to “buy” your way into heaven. It was a way to get more money for the church › Luther wrote his 95 Theses which attacked the ideas of Tetzel  October 31, 1517 it was posted for the first time at the University which he worked and that began the Reformation (Movement for religious reform)

 Wanted full reform of the church 1. Win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness 2. Church teachings clearly based on words of the Bible (Pope and church traditions were false authorities) 3. All people with faith were equal. No need for priests to interpret Bible

 1520 › Pope Leo X threatened with excommunication unless “words taken back”. He didn’t take his words back and was excommunicated  1521 › Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) tells Luther to go to “Worms” and stand trial. This set the stage for the Edict of Worms

 The edict declared Luther as an outlaw and heretic  No one was to give him food or shelter  His books were to be burned  Frederick the Wise of Saxony (Germany) took him in and disobeyed the Pope!  Now, Luther and his followers formed a separate religious group called Lutherans

 Henry VIII was the King of England who started off a devout Catholic…But when he didn’t have a male heir he tried to have his marriage to Catherine annulled. The Pope wouldn’t do it so he ended the Pope’s power in England.

 The parliament that passed the ending of the Pope’s power was called the “Reformation Parliament”  Henry VIII eventually passed the Act of Supremacy which granted the King of England the head of England’s Church

 EQ: WHAT WERE THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES THAT CHANGED THE STRUCTURE OF CHRISTIANITY?

 Wrote a book, Institute of Christian Religion in 1536  Arrived into Geneva in the 1540’s and started a strict religious community that all people must: › Attend religion classes › Wear no bright clothing › Never play with playing cards  Excommunication, banishment or imprisonment was a punishment for breaking any of the rules

1. Men and women were sinful by nature 2. Humans can NOT earn salvation 3. Predestination › God has known since the beginning of time who would be saved. (You cannot alter that)

 Calvin’s ideal government › Theocracy  (Government controlled by Religious leaders)  Supporters of Calvin called › Huguenots

LutherCalvin Problems with Catholic Church Indulgences No concept of predestination Salvation can’t be earned Reforms they supported Denying the pope worldly power Bible has more authority than church Eliminating indulgences Concept of predestination Theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders Results of their protests of the Church Started Protestant Reformation Formed Lutheran Church England no longer Catholic Formed Calvinism Followers called Calvinists and Huguenots in France

 What were reasons why many people left the Roman Catholic Church?