SKELETAL SYSTEM NOTES

4 Major Functions Framework Protection Storage Blood cells

Generic Parts Periosteum Endosteum Epiphysis Diaphysis Epiphyseal Cartilage Yellow Marrow Red Marrow Foramen

Cranium Frontal Parietal - 2 Temporal – 2 Occipital Ethmoid

Face Mandible Maxilla – 2 Zygomatic – 2 Nasal

Spine - Vertebrae Cervical – 7 Thoracic – 12 Lumbar – 5 Sacrum Coccyx – 1-3

Chest Clavicle – 2 Scapula – 2 (glenoid cavity, acromion process) Ribs – 12 Sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process)

Arm Humerus Radius Ulna – olecrenon process Carpals Metacarpals Phlanges

Leg Femur – head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter Patella Tibia – medial ankle “bone” Fibula – lateral ankle “bone” Tarsals – talus, calcaneus Metatarsals Phlanges

Pelvis Ilium – iliac crest Ischium Pubis – symphysis Obturator foramen Acetabulum

Shoulder Girdle Clavicle Scapula Glenoid cavity Humerus

Pelvic Girdle Ilium Ischium Pubis Femur Acetabulum

Joint Types Synarthroses – immovable Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable Diathroses – freely moveable

Diathroses Joints Hinge – atlas, elbow, knee, fingers, toes Pivot – axis, forearm Saddle – thumb Condyloid – wrist, ankle Ball and Socket – shoulder, hip Gliding - vertebrae

Movement Terms Flexion – decreasing angle Extension – increasing angle Abduction – moving away Adduction – moving towards Rotation – turning on an axis

Movement Terms Pronation – turning palm down Supination – turning palm up Inversion – turning sole inward Eversion – turning sole outward Dorsal Flexion – toes towards nose Plantar Flexion – toes away from nose

Major Diseases/Disorders Sprain – stretched ligament/tendon Arthritis – inflamed joint Osteomyelitis – inflamed bone Osteoporosis – loss of bone density Osteosarcoma – bone cancer Leukemia – white blood cell cancer Fracture – break or crack in a bone

Types of Fractures Simple – break thru bone Compound – bone end thru skin Greenstick – bent bone Comminuted – splintered bone

Types of Fractures Compressed – bone pieces pressed together Spiral – break caused by twist Incomplete – crack in bone Avulsion – process broken off bone

Complete Blood Count Erythrocytes (RBC): carry o2 and co2, 4 million Leukocytes (WBC): fight invaders, 5-10 thousand Thrombocytes (platelets): clot blood, thousand

CBC with Differential Complete blood count that counts the numbers of the 5 major types of white blood cells.