1. Skeletal System

2. General Info
Adult human has 206 bones
Does everyone have 206 Bones?

3. Functions of Bones Framework Protection Levers
Supports muscle, fat and skin
Protection
Surrounds vital organs
Ex: skull, ribs, pelvis
Levers
Muscles attach to bones to provide movement
Production of blood cells
Red and white blood cells and platelets
Storage
Calcium

4. Bone Anatomy Long Bones Shaft – diaphysis 2 ends – epiphysis Layers
Periosteum
Medullary canal
red marrow
yellow marrow
Endosteum

5. Skeleton Sections Axial Appendicular Main Trunk Extremities
Composed of skull, spinal column, ribs and breastbone
Appendicular
Extremities
Shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones

6. Bones of the Body
Skull

7. Fontanels Soft Spots – allow the skull to enlarge as the brain grows

8. Sinuses Air spaces in the bones
Act as resonating chambers for the voice
Lined with mucous membranes

9. Ribs 12 Pairs True ribs False ribs Floating ribs First 7 pairs
Attach to thoracic vertebrae and sternum
False ribs
Next 5 pairs
Attach to the thoracic vertebrae and to the cartilage of the ribs above
Floating ribs
Last 2 pairs of false ribs
Have no attachment in the front

10. Sternum
Three parts
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

11. Spinal Column
24 Vertebrae + sacrum and coccyx

12. Spinal Section Reference
Cervical
C1 to C7
Thoracic
T1 to T 12
Lumbar
L1 to L5
Sacral
Coccyx

13. Shoulder Girdle
Each side composed of
1 clavicle
1 scapula

14. Arm Bones Humerus Ulna Radius Upper arm bone Lower arm bone
On thumb side

15. Wrist, Hand and Fingers Wrist Hand Fingers 8 carpals 5 Metacarpals
Palm of the hand
Fingers
14 Phalanges

16. Pelvic Girdle
Composed of 2 sides
Ilium, ischium and the pubis

17. Upper Leg Bones
Femur
Largest bone in the body

18. Lower Leg Bones Tibia Fibula Patella Large lower leg bone
Small lower leg bone
On lateral side
Patella
Knee cap

19. Ankle, Foot and Toes Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Calcaneous 7 bones
Instep
Phalanges
14 bones
Toes
Calcaneous
Heel bone

20. Joints Area where 2 or more bones come together
Held together by ligaments
Types
Ball and socket
Hinge
Slightly movable
Immovable
Pivot
Gliding
Saddle

21. Types of Joints

22. Diseases Arthritis Inflammation of the joint Types Terms
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid
Terms
Acute
Chronic

23. Fracture
Greenstick
Common in children
Bone bent and splits

24. Simple and Compound Fractures
Clean break in the bone
Compound
Bone breaks and pierces skin

25. Spiral Fracture

26. Impacted Fracture
Comminuted Fracture

27. Depressed Fracture

28. Treatment of Fractures
Reduction
Closed

29. Open Reduction

30. Bone Repair

31. Dislocation
A bone is forcibly displaced from a joint

32. Dislocation

33. Sprain Twisting action tears ligaments

34. Osteoporosis Softening of bone due to lack of calcium

35. Curvatures of the Spine
Scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine

36. Lordosis
Swayback
Inward curve of the cervical and lumbar region

37. Kyphosis
Hunchback
Rounding or bowing of the back of the thoracic spine

38. Vocabulary arthro- joint chondro- cartilage cost- rib crani- skull
carp wrist
myelo- bone marrow, spinal cord
osse-, ossi-, oste-, osteo - bone
-ectomy surgical removal of
-otomy to cut into
-osis condition

39. Skeleton Jokes Why doesn't a skeleton play music in a church?
He has no organ
What does a skeleton order at a restaurant?
Spare Ribs

40. The End