LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn.

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Presentation transcript:

LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Classical Conditioning - Learning through association Operant Conditioning -learning through association & reinforcement Cognitive/Social– Observational Learning - Learning by observation WE LEARN MANY WAYS…

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Association is the key to learning. Association is the key to learning. Human beings are biologically programmed to respond in certain ways to certain things. Human beings are biologically programmed to respond in certain ways to certain things. Salivate when we eat food Salivate when we eat food Jump if we hear a loud noise Jump if we hear a loud noise Jerk hand away if touch something hot Jerk hand away if touch something hot Natural reactions are unconditioned responses – we don’t have to learn them.

Pavlov & Classical Conditioning  Research on digestion led to development of 1 st experimental model of learning: classical conditioning.  Research led to Watson’s application of classical conditioning to humans & emotional responses. mfpxuzI

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Little Albert Experiment hyGozLyE  Study showed that emotional responses could be learned.  Phobias= likely conditioned responses

Applications of Classical Conditioning AVERSIVE CONDITIONING -Negative stimuli also conditions us. Examples -Taste aversion UCS- flu & shrimp UCR – nauseous/vomit CS- any shrimpCR - nauseous/vomit

Generalization & Discrimination Generalization -the act of responding the same way to similar stimuli Ex. Associating the sound of a dentist’s drill with a fearful reaction….after many exposures, other non dental drills have same effect. Discrimination -act of responding differently to stimuli that are similar to each other. Ex. One bad dog doesn’t spoil the bunch

Examples of Classical Conditioning Music and Memories Music and MemoriesThe Office clip atch?v=WfZfMIHwSkU

Using Classical Conditioning 1.Treatment of Phobias Counterconditioning Systematic desensitization: Flooding 2. Eliminating Bad Habits: Aversion Therapy -pairing problem with aversive stimulus 3. In Advertising

Treating Phobias Counterconditioning -present two CS at same time that elicit an incompatible response Systematic Desensitization -relaxation, hierarchy of feared stimuli presented over time Flooding - prolonged exposure to feared stimulus; not gradual - prolonged exposure to feared stimulus; not gradual a phobia: an extreme or irrational fear or aversion to something - estimated 5-12% of Americans have phobias (National Institutes of Mental Health)

Eliminating Bad Habits Aversion Therapy -pair the problem with an aversive stimulus -association forms and attractiveness of problem behavior reduced

In Advertising Pair product with stimuli that elicit positive emotions

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Can you identify… Sally goes to the doctor with Mom. Sometimes the doctor gives her a shot. After this happens several times, she began to feel uncomfortable at the sight of anyone in a white lab coat. Unconditioned stimulus:Unconditioned response: Conditioned stimulus:Conditioned response:

My example UCS: Go for runUCR: Happy CS: SneakersCR: Happy Louis and Kubota love to go on runs with me. We go running many times a week. As soon as I am dressed in running clothes & sneakers, they whine, run around, and follow me room to room until we go.

APPLICATIONS Create an original example of classical conditioning. Illustrate & label your example (UCS, UCR, CS, CR) Create an original example of classical conditioning. Illustrate & label your example (UCS, UCR, CS, CR) Brainstorm/create an example where you might use the principles of classical conditioning in your life. Brainstorm/create an example where you might use the principles of classical conditioning in your life.