1. Learning
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.
Associative Learning- learning to associate 2 events, they occur together, the events may be 2 stimuli (classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (operant conditioning)

2. The Process of learning associations
Conditioning
The Process of learning associations
Classical Conditioning- we learn to associate 2 stimuli and thus to anticipate events
Learning takes place when an originally neutral stimulus (one that doesn’t elicit any particular reflex) comes to produce a conditioned response because of its association with an unconditioned response

3. Does the name Pavlov ring a bell??
Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that dogs, too, learn to associate one thing with another when food is involved.
He taught the dogs to drool when he rang a bell!

4. Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov, “Pavlovian Conditioning”
Unconditioned Stimulus (US) –stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned
Unconditioned Response (UR)- that automatic response is the UR, a response that is not learned
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response
Conditioned Response (CR)- a learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless, (like the bell!)
(The Office)
(Parks & Rec- deprogram Jam)

5. Classical Conditioning & Little Albert
John B. Watson & Rosalie Rayner
Conditioned fear in baby “Albert”

6. Classical Conditioning
Acquisition-pairing of the natural and neutral stimuli (loud noise and rat) have occurred enough times that the neutral stimulus alone will elicit the conditional response (crying)
Extinction-elimination of the conditioned response, can be achieved by presenting the CS without the US repeatedly (the white rate without the loud noise)
Spontaneous Recovery- the original response disappears on its own, but then is elicited again by the previous CS at a later time, possible under certain circumstances
Generalization- responding to a stimulus that is similar to the CS (Albert made generalizations and feared the white rat-CS but also other white stimuli-white coat)
Discrimination- if Albert could distinguish among similar but distinct stimuli
Taste Aversion- “Garcia Effect”- if you become ill after eating a certain food, the taste would become a CS for nausea, now the CR.
(Parks & Rec Garcia Effect)