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Learning Types of Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning.

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Presentation on theme: "Learning Types of Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 Learning

3 Types of Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning

4 Types of Learning Classical Conditioning –Pavlov, Garcia Operant Conditioning –Skinner, Watson Observational Learning –Bandura

5 Defining Learning A change in knowledge or behavior that results from experience.

6 Pavlov’s Apparatus Harness and mouth tube help keep dog in a consistent position to gather uncontaminated saliva samples

7 Before Conditioning Before Stimuli Are Paired –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) elicits Unconditioned Response (UCR) Meat elicits salivation –Neutral stimulus (NS) elicits no particular response The bell does not lead to a particular response

8 During Conditioning Conditioning: Neutral Stimulus (NS) is paired with the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) –Bell rings, then meat powder is delivered –This pairing happens a number of times (trials)

9 After Conditioning After several trials, when the bell rings, the dog salivates (NO FOOD NEEDED!) –The Bell is now a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) –Salivation is a Conditioned Response (CR)

10 Let’s take a moment to recap

11 Classical Conditioning Terms Acquisition –Formation of a learned response to a stimulus through presentation of an unconditioned stimulus Extinction –Elimination of a learned response by removal of the unconditioned stimulus Generalization –When the classically conditioned reaction occurs to other (similar) stimuli

12 Classical conditioning links horror movie music to fear Gore UCS Fear UCR

13 Classical conditioning links horror movie music to fear Scary Music Gore NSUCS Fear UCR

14 Classical conditioning links horror movie music to fear Scary Music Gore NSUCS Fear UCR Scary Music Fear CS CR

15 Learning Factors Number of pairings Reliability of CS in predicting UCS Occurrence of CS just before UCS

16 Timing of CS before UCS

17 Prepared Classical Conditioning Organisms seem predisposed to make certain associations e. g., nausea creates taste aversions Ex: drinking Ex: Garcia

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