Jean Piaget “The Father of Child Psychology” Child Development is measured by different “milestones” known as “first times” in a child’s life. The Sensorimotor stage The preoperational stage The concrete operational stage The formal operational stage

Baby milestones (Birth to 12 months) Beginning to smile and enjoying company of people Imitates body movements of adults Develops preferences (i.e: sweet vs. sour, soft vs. hard) Looks for objects in hard to reach spots and sits up on their own Becomes more mobile in the later months using hands and feet to stand Tests parental responses Cries when parent leaves Begins to use objects correctly The sensorimotor stage (birth-age 2): during this stage, infants and toddlers gain knowledge through the sensory experiences and manipulating objects.

Toddler milestones (1-3 years old) Walks alone and begins to run Kicks balls Imitates behaviors of adults and others around Is becoming self-aware Is excited about playing and having company Sorts colors and shapes Demonstrates independence for the first time Begins to show defiant behavior (known as the terrible twos and threes) The preoperational stage (2-age 7): At this stage, kids learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking into account another’s perspective.

Preschoolers (3-6 years old) Physical Skills Climbs well Walks up and down stairs, alternating feet Kicks a ball Runs easily Pedals Tricycle Bends over without falling

Preschoolers (3-6 years old) Social Skills Imitates adults and playmates Shows affection for familiar playmates Can take turns in games Understands “mine” and “his/hers”

Preschoolers (3-6 years old) Cognitive thinking Makes mechanical toys work Matches an object in hand to picture in book Plays make believe Sorts objects by shape and color Completes 3-4 piece puzzles Understands the concept of two Jean Piaget from his Cognitive development theory: This is the Preoperational stage it involves the association of objects with words and the ability to solve more complex problems, although the child's focus at this stage remains egocentric, a term that refers to the inability to consider things from another person’s perspective.

Grade School (6-12 years old) Emotional and Social Changes Show more independence from parents and family During this time of life, children learn gender role behavior Pick up characteristics from the men and women around them Want to be liked and accepted by friends Start to form stronger, more complex friendships

Grade School (6-12 years old) Thinking and Learning Show rapid development of mental skills Learn better ways to describe experiences and feelings Face more academic challenges at school Begin to see the point of view of others more clearly The concrete operational stage (7-age 11): This stage involves a child thinking more logically, yet their thinking and opinion can still be inflexible. Abstract and hypothetical concepts are still challenging for kids at this age to comprehend.

Teenager (12-18 years old) Emotional and social changes Show more concern about body image, looks, and clothes Experience more moodiness Express less affection toward parents Have more interest in the opposite sex Show more independence from parents Feel a lot of sadness or depression, which can lead to poor grades at school, alcohol or drug use, unsafe sex, and other problems

Teenager (12-18 yrs old) Thinking and Learning Have more ability for complex thought Develop a stronger sense of right and wrong Learn more defined work habits Show more concern about future school and work plans

Teenager (12-18 years old) The formal operational stage (adolescence-adulthood): This is the final stage in Piaget’s theory. It involves a child having an increased amount of logic within their thought process and there is a better ability to use deductive reasoning and understand abstract and hypothetical concepts.

Discussion Before we had people like Jean Piaget how do you think we viewed child development, and why? Do you think that people such as Charles Manson, and Ted Bundy were a product of their environment or had issues at the genetic level? What is a milestone?

A Milestone is the first time a child develops a new skill.

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Citations stages/preschool/Pages/default.aspx stages/preschool/Pages/default.aspx Jean Piaget. Content source: Division of human development and disabilities, National center on birth defects and development disabilities. adolescence.html adolescence.html