Do Now: Watch “The girl in the Window: Dani” and then compare her case to Genie. In what ways are they similar and different? wE

Emotional Development Temperament (Nature)- individual differences in attention, arousal, and reactivity to new situations 1.Easy Babies- 40% happy, cheerful, regular eating/sleeping habits 2.Slow to Warm Up- 15% more moody & withdrawn 3.Difficult- 10% fearful & fussy, more serious emotional problems 4.No-Single Category- 35% variety of traits

Emotional Development Up until about a year, infants do not mind strange people (maybe because everyone is strange to them). At about a year, infants develop stranger anxiety. Why do you think it starts at about a year? Stranger Anxiety

Attachment (nurture) The most important social construct an infant must develop is attachment (a bond with a caregiver). Lorenz discovered that some animals form attachment through imprinting.

Attachment Harry Harlow and his monkeys. Harry showed that monkeys needed touch to form attachment. Harry Harlow & Rhesus Monkeys Development Harry Harlow & Rhesus Monkeys Development Click the monkey to see a video of Harlow’s experiment.

Attachment Critical Periods: the optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produce proper development. Those who are deprived of touch have trouble forming attachment when they are older. Click on the monkey to see what a baby monkey does when he HAS attachment and imagine what it is like when he does not (like above).

Types of Attachment Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. Three types of attachment: 1.Secure 2.Avoidant 3.Anxious/ambivalent Ainsworth Video Click picture to see clip of Ainsworth’s experiment.

Stage Theorists These psychologists believe that we travel from stage to stage throughout our lifetimes.

Cognitive Development It was thought that kids were just stupid versions of adults. Then came along Jean Piaget Kids learn differently than adults

Schemas Children view the world through schemas (as do adults for the most part). Schemas are ways we interpret the world around us. It is basically what you picture in your head when you think of anything. Right now in your head, picture a model. These 3 probably fit into your concept (schema) of a model. But does this one?

Assimilation Incorporating new experiences into existing schemas. If I teach my 3 year that an animal with 4 legs and a tail is a dog…. What would he call this? Or this? What schema would you assimilate this into?

Accommodation Changing an existing schema to adopt to new information. If I tell someone from the mid-west to picture their schema of the Bronx they may talk about the ghetto areas. But if I showed them other areas of the Bronx, they would be forced to accommodate (change) their schema to incorporate their new information.

Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Stage Experience the world through our senses. Object permanence (9mo) 0-2 Click Mom to see a baby with no object permanence.

Preoperational Stage 2-7 Have object permanence Begin to use language to represent objects and ideas Egocentric: cannot look at the world through anyone’s eyes but their own. Do NOT understand concepts of conservation. Conservation video Click the boy to see kids with egocentrism.

Conservation Conservation refers to the idea that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance and is part of logical thinking. Click the boy to see kids trying to grasp conservation.

Concrete Operational Stage Can demonstrate concept of conservation. Learn to think logically Click the penguin to see kids try to grasp concrete logic.

Formal Operational Stage What would the world look like with no light? Picture god What way do you best learn? Abstract reasoning Manipulate objects in our minds without seeing them Hypothesis testing Trial and Error Metacognition Not every adult gets to this stage

Criticisms of Piaget Some say he underestimates the abilities of children. Information- Processing Model says children do not learn in stages but rather a gradual continuous growth. Studies show that our attention span grows gradually over time.

Erik Erikson A neo-Freudian Worked with Anna Freud Thought our personality was influenced by our experiences with others. Stages of Psychosocial Development. Each stage centers on a social conflict.

Trust v. Mistrust Can a baby trust the world to fulfill its needs? The trust or mistrust they develop can carry on with the child for the rest of their lives.

Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt Toddlers begin to control their bodies (toilet training). Control Temper Tantrums Big word is “NO” Can they learn control or will they doubt themselves?

Initiative V. Guilt Word turns from “NO” to “WHY?” Want to understand the world and ask questions. Is there curiosity encouraged or scolded?

Industry v. Inferiority School begins We are for the first time evaluated by a formal system and our peers. Do we feel good or bad about our accomplishments? Can lead to us feeling bad about ourselves for the rest of our lives…inferiority complex.

Identity v. Role Confusion In our teenage years we try out different roles. Who am I? What group do I fit in with? If I do not find myself I may develop an identity crisis.

Intimacy v. Isolation Have to balance work and relationships. What are my priorities?

Generativity v. Stagnation Is everything going as planned? Am I happy with what I created? Mid –life crisis!!!

Integrity v. Despair Look back on life. Was my life meaningful or do I have regret?