Stage 2 Notes

mercator Metellam salutat. The merchant greets Metella. Metella culinam intrat. Metella enters the kitchen. - a noun is a word that is a person, place, or a thing, or idea Examples: puella, toga, Caecilius, canis, Metella

in the sentences above there are two different forms of the same noun: Metella- Metellam these different forms are known as the nominative case and the accusative case Nominative = subject Accusative = direct object, translated after verb

The endings a noun uses for the nominative and accusative forms depends on the declension that the noun belongs to. Declension are categories or families of nouns that share the same endings in their nominative and accusative forms. You can identify the declension of the noun by the genitive case. CLC unit I does not list the genitive, so we will refer to the accusative.

fuga, fugam ira, iram barba, barbam gloria, gloriam 1st Declension Nouns First Declension nouns end in –am in the accusative singular form of the CLC Unit I dictionary entry. Examples: fuga, fugam ira, iram barba, barbam gloria, gloriam Dictionary Entry: bruma, brumam Nominative Form, Subject of sentence

somnus, somnum vesper, vesperum locus, locum puer, puerum 2nd Declension Nouns Second Declension nouns end in - um in the second form of the CLC Unit I dictionary entry. Examples: somnus, somnum vesper, vesperum locus, locum puer, puerum Dictionary Entry: oculus, oculum Nominative Form, Subject of sentence

Dictionary Entry: fons, fontem 3rd Declension Nouns Third Declension nouns end in - em in the second form of the dictionary entry. Examples: tempus, temporem rex, regem doctor, doctorem nomen, nominem mater, matrem Dictionary Entry: fons, fontem Nominative Form, Subject of sentence

Nom Metella Quintus Caecilius mercator Acc Metellam Quintum Caecilium mercatorem if the merchant does something the nominative mercator is used. Mercator is the subject. For example: mercator amicum salutat. The merchant greets the friend.

if someone else does something to the merchant the accusative form mercatorem is used in the sentence. Ask Whom or What after the verb. Quintus mercatorem salutat. Quintus greets whom/ what? Answer: mercatorem mercatorem is the direct object of the sentence.

Take notice of the different word order in these sentences: Clemens culinam intrat. 1st 3rd 2nd Clemens enters the kitchen. N.B. In a Latin sentence, the verb is last.

The cook carries the wine. (carries what? wine = acc) coquus vinum portat. 1st 3rd 2nd The cook carries the wine. (carries what? wine = acc) When you are translating always follow this order: Subject + Verb + Direct Object / Prep Phrase Nom -t Acc in tablino= in the study m in triclinio= in the dining room

Declining 1ST Declension Noun 1st declension. Ex: girl = puella Case endings are in RED Singular Plural Nominative puellA puellAE Accusative puellAM puellAS

Declining a 2nd Declension Noun 2nd declension. Ex. : slave= servus Case endings are in RED Singular Plural Nominative servUS servI Accusative servUM servOS

Declining a 3rd Declension Noun * We didn’t study this one closely, so don’t panic! 3rd declension. Example: dog = canis Case endings are in RED Singular Plural Nominative canis canES Accusative canEM

CONJUGATIONS A conjugation is a group of verbs that have the same infinitive ending. There are 4 conjugation infinitives: 1st - āre 2nd - ēre 3rd - ere 4th - īre All infnitives end in –re. The vowel before the –re tells what conjugation

VERBS Verbs have person and number. Number = singular or plural Verbs agree with the subject Is there one person or more than one Person = 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. 1st = I/we 2nd = you/all of you 3rd = he, she, it/ they

Person Indicators Person indicators show WHO is doing the action Singular Plural 1 O or M MUS 2 S TIS 3 T NT Person indicators show WHO is doing the action Person indicators coincide with English subject pronouns Singular Plural 1 I we 2 you all of you 3 he,she, it they

2nd conjugation Singular Plural 1 O or M MUS 2 S TIS 3 T NT To conjugate a verb, take the infinitive and drop the -re vidēre videO videMUS videS videTIS videT videNT

vidēre videO videMUS videS videTIS videT videNT Present Present progressive Emphatic I see, I am seeing, I do see You see, you are seeing, you do see He sees, he is seeing, he does see. We see, we are seeing, we do see You all see, you are all seeing, you all do see They see, they are seeing, they do see

1st conjugation Singular Plural 1 O or M MUS 2 S TIS 3 T NT To conjugate a verb, take the infinitive and drop the -re amāre amO amaMUS amaS amaTIS amaT amaNT 1st person singular – drop the a before the -re

amāre amO amaMUS amaS amaTIS amaT amaNT Present Present progressive Emphatic We like, we are liking, we do like You all like, you all are liking, you all do like They like, they are liking, they do like I like, I am liking, I do like You like, you are liking, you do like He, she, it likes, he is liking, he does like