Biology The study of Life!

What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals

All Living Things Share Common Characteristics Cells Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity Evolution Interdependence

Characteristics of Organisms

All Organisms are made of Cells

Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism All cells contain: Cytoplasm Cell Membrane DNA Ribosomes Cytoskeleton

More Cell Facts Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars

Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells

Reproduction process by which organisms make more of their kind

Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents

Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent

Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth

Metabolism All living things use energy to run the process of life. All living things use energy to grow, to move, and to process information. Examples: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Digesting food

Homeostasis Keeping the internal environment of the cell or organism within the ranges required for life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. Maintaining a balance

Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring

Heredity Gene is the basic unit of heredity. DNA carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms contain DNA

Evolution Change over time Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms

Interdependence organisms are dependent on one another and their environment Ecology – the study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with the non-living part of their environment

Life is Organized on Several Levels

Levels Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells – life starts here Tissues Organs System Organism