Physical and cognitive development in adolescence Chapter 11 Physical and cognitive development in adolescence

Puberty -sexual and reproductive maturation sex hormones _______ (male), _________ (female) (growth spurt: 12 for girls; 14 for boys) Body proportions : (boys’ shoulders widen; girls’ hips widen) ____________ makeup: girls gain _______, boys gain more _________ Sexual maturation Primary sexual characteristics (______________) ____________ –outside of body (pubic hair, genital growth, breast development)

Girls – menarche: first menstruation (avg. _____ years) Boys – semenarche/spermarche (_____________) ____________ – generational change (puberty _____________) Timing impacted by __________________________________________________ exercise, socioeconomic status

Psychological impact of pubertal events Reactions impacted by __________ ____________ – hormones may not be cause; impacted by ____________ Parent-child relationships – more strained; _____________________ Early versus late maturation Early maturing ______: seen as independent, self-confident, physically attractive, leaders _____ maturing boys : not well liked , anxious, attention seeking

Early maturing girls: _________, unpopular, stressed (less positive body image) Late maturing girls: lively, sociable, ________________, leaders

Health issues anorexia nervosa 90% are ________ Starvation due to _______________ ____________________, malnutrition Caused by individual, family and cultural forces Hospitalization, family therapy bulimia- binge purge Lack ____________ Feel depressed and guilty ____________________ Easier to treat

Sexual attitudes and behaviors attitudes more liberal a decreasing portion are having intercourse; earlier ages ______ had intercourse by their senior year more boys than girls at all ages downward trend in frequency of _______ ___________ # of married teens ___________________

Characteristics of sexually active adolescents: _______ maturation, parental ____________ and divorce, _____ family, _______, poor school performance, lower ________ aspirations

Sexual behaviors (continued) abstinence-focus has appeared to pay off STDs – _______________________ HIV/AIDS - high risk group Teenage pregnancy rates are ____________ Teenage mothers: less likely to _______, more likely _________, likely to be on welfare

Health (continued) Substance use and abuse Decline in smoking, alcohol and substance abuse in past decade ___________: __________, low income, family mental health problems, parental drug use, lack of parental involvement, ________________

Cognitive development Piaget’s ________________ stage ability to solve ___________ problems ability to imagine _____________ in a situation Consequences of abstract thought _______________ Egocentricity ______________ – “on stage” ________________ – inflated opinion of own importance ; special and unique

C. Cognitive self-regulation D. The imaginary audience Although Susanna desperately wants to learn how to dive, she refuses to practice at the pool because “everyone will be watching me and laugh because I’m the only one who can’t do it.” Her thinking reflects A. Idealisim B. Personal fable C. Cognitive self-regulation D. The imaginary audience

A. “I really like the way I look now.” Lorna, an anorexic teenager, has lost so much weight that her bones show clearly, her hair is falling out, and she has stopped menstruating. When she looks in the mirror, she is likely to think A. “I really like the way I look now.” B. I just need to lose 10 more pounds.” C. “If only I could put weight back on.” D. “Now my parents will be proud of me.”