American Society and Its Values Chapter 2

Essential Questions Why do people form groups? How do groups support both conflict and cooperation? What role should government play in deciding how much freedom individuals should have? Is government truly necessary, or are we capable of existence without government?

Groups and Institutions Socialization - the process of learning how to participate in a group Accepting group Values Learning groups Rules Rules - specific expectations about what our behavior should be

Groups Common Examples of Groups: Friends Clubs Organizations Why do people form groups? What happens when group rules are broken? Give an example.

Institutions Social Institutions - systems of values and rules that determine how our society is organized Specific kinds of groups that we rely on to meet our most important needs and services The 5 Basic Social Institutions 1. Family 2. Religion 3. Education 4. Economy 5. Government

Family Society’s most basic institution Designed to meet physical and emotional needs Food, clothing, shelter, sense of belonging Teaches basic values of society and rules of behavior

Religion Organization guided by a moral code and spiritual orientation Provides community and belonging Provides guidance and support What are the major world religions?

World Religions

Religious Affiliation in the United States

How do we balance religion with other freedoms? Not all religions share the same values and rules Conflict arises when one religious group tries to impose its values on the rest of society Example - Teaching of Evolution

Education Designed to give individuals the skills necessary to succeed Teaches the rules necessary to fit into society Does it help you get a better understanding of yourself and who you are/want to be? Through education, America ensures its society will remain free and democratic.

Educational Time for Job Areas Teacher (Min. 7+ more years) K-12 education, plus 4-5 year college, plus additional teaching certificates Lawyer (8-10 more years) K-12 education, plus 4 year college, plus 3-4 year law school. Doctor (14-19 more years) K-12 education, plus 4 year college, plus 4 year medical school, plus 3-8 year residency. Architect (8-10 more years) K-12 education, plus 4-5 year college, plus 2-3 year internship

Economic Terms Economy: a system for producing and distributing goods and services to fulfill people’s wants Consumer: a person who uses, or consumes, goods and services to satisfy his or her wants Market: a venue for the exchange of goods or services Price: the amount you must pay for a good or service in a market Money: anything accepted as payment

Economic Freedoms in America Freedom to Buy and Sell goods and services EX: Freedom to Compete against sellers EX: Freedom to Own/Sell Property EX: Freedom to Choose an Occupation EX: Freedom to Make a Profit EX:

Government Keeping the Peace = law Protecting the Country = defense Providing Necessary Services = schools and roads Maintaining Other Institutions = protection of freedoms, provides services to those in need

Forms of Government Monarchy: all or most of the power is in the hands of one individual Authority is hereditary (Saudi Arabia)

Forms of Government Dictatorship: government controlled by one person Power is usually taken by force when an existing government is weak or failing (Hitler’s Germany)

Forms of Government Democracy: system in which all people share the power Voting and Representation

Law: Rules of Government The Constitution The basis for American Law Outlines what the Government can and cannot do. Lists the rights guaranteed to states and to citizens Laws are designed to be permanent, but they are not absolute The law is constantly changing…How?

Politics Patriotism: the demonstration of love and devotion to one’s country What does this mean? Examples of Patriotism?

Politics Political Socialization: the process of learning how to behave politically What are our sources? How do we learn this behavior?