Body Youll never look at a tissue the same way again!!!!

Facts about Body Originates during embroyic development 2 weeks after fertilization implantation occurs.

4 Classifications of Body Epithelial Tissue-covers surface that lines the body cavity, lines hollow organs, tubes and form glands. Connective Tissue-protects and supports the body and helps bind organs together. Also, help to store E and where immune cells reside. Muscular Tissue-allows contraction of muscle. Nervous Tissue-initiates and transmit impulses which coordinates the bodys activities.

EPITHELIUM Cells are packed. Not a lot of extracellular fluid (EF). Arranged in sheets, layers of columns Has a free surface and a basal surface Avascular-No blood supply (nutrients are obtained via diffusion. Nerve supply are sensory neurons.

Epithelium Characteristics There are 3 types of Epithelium Surfaces Apical Surface-free or superficial Lateral Surface-side surface Basal Surface-basement layer (order is arranged from superficial >>>deep)

We a family… There are 4 different types/shapes of Ep. tissue. –Squamous –Cuboidal –Columnar –Transitional-interchanging of all cells Diagram, name function

Body Layers BT Layers EndodermMesodermEctoderm

Organs in these layers Endoderm- inner skin-locations include GI track, lining of bladder, and respiratory sys. Mesoderm- middle skin-locations include skeletal, muscle, and blood dermis of skin. Ectoderm- outer skin- locations include nervous, skin, and oral cavity.

Functions of Ep. Protection Secretion Absorption Excretion Sensory Reproduction

Epithelial Tissue Will act as a lining, glandular tissue or a membrane.

Glandular Tissue Specialize epithelial cells. Glandular cells secrete chemicals necessary to maintain homeostasis. G.cells secretes into: – ducts (exocrine gland)-i.e: saliva, sweat and mucus. –Directly into EC matrix (endocrine) i.e: hormones.

Penile Urethra duct Sweat gland duct

Ep. Tissue as a Membrane Remember Ep. Tissue directly overlies the CT. Membrane can be: –Mucous membrane: lines cavities open to the outside –Serous membranes: line closed cavities –Synovial membrane: joint cavites

Whats the connection? What allows epithelia cells to maintain their structure? See diagram on pg. 80

Connective Tissue Has a nerve supply Vascular (except cartilage) No free surface Matrix secreted from origin(i.e bone secretes calcified material)

Connective Tissue 3 basic components: 1.)Cells Fibroblasts cells- large, flat secretory cells Macrophages cells- WBC-for defense. Are motile or stationary Plasma cells-secrete antibodies Mast cells-histamines (secreted when capillaries dilate>swelling=fluid retention Adipocytes cells-fat cells White blood cells(WBC)-defense

2) Ground substance –Hyaluronic acid-viscous, slippery and lubricated. –Chondroitin- jellylike substance, more supportive. 3)Fibers -Collagen-resistent/tough/in bundles -Fiber-elastic/smaller/moveable -Reticular-netting material

Picture of CT So, what does all 3 CT components look like all together? See Ms. Williss rendition

5 types of CT I.Blood II.Loose III.Dense IV.Cartilage V. Bone Listed from least to greatest density.

I. And Areolar said, Just call me Phil. EC matrix is arranged loosely!!!! Types of LCT: 1)Areolar-fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma and mast cells ar found in this EC matrix.(fig.4.5a) Mostly hyaluronic acid All types (collagen, and elastic) Mostly found under skin Associated with adipose and CT

Cottage cheese on the thighs or derriere anyone? 2)Adipose- contains fat storage (fig 4.5b) –Yellow bone marrow –Minimal fiber –Deep under the skin –Surrounds organs

II. Dense CT EC matrix is densely packed fibers!!! Types of DCT: 1) Regular(DCCT)(fig 4.5c) Fibers bundled and parallel to each other Fibroblasts are predominant cell (Ex. Form tendons at ends of muscle and some organ) capsules. 2)Elastic DCT- (fig.4.5d) *Associated with collagen fibers *Allows tissue to stretch and recoil *(Examples: vocal cords, walls of arteries, etc.) STRESS ORIENTATION IN ONE DIRECTION!!

III. The chicken was so delicious I ate all the meat and the ___________ too! Means gristle!! Avascular Composed of cells called chrondrocytes located in the matrix of cartilage (lucunae) Fig 4.5 e Why is cartilage resilient? –Cartilage linked protein called proteoglycans of the matrix trap H20 which makes cartilage springy!! –If compressed, goes back to orig. shape *Heals slowly. Why?

Contd CCT Types of cartilage: –1)Hyaline cartilage gristle Most abundant Flexible Reduce friction, absorbs shock Relatively weak (ex. Nose, ribs, epiphyseal plate) 2) Fibrocartilage-fibers in bundles *strongest, resists pulling and tearing. *(ex. knee,pubic sympysis,etc.) 3)Elastic cartilage *lightweight, provides rigidity *(ex. Ear, trachea)

IV. Im not hefty,Im big _____! Also known as osseus tissue Hard CT that consists of living cells called osteocytes located in the spaces of the mineralized matrix. Fig 4.5 h 2 types of bone: –Compact –Cancellous (Well revisit this in the skeletal system)

V. You wont take me alive, Lacunae!! Matrix is liquid, no barriers so it flows through blood vessels (BV). Some blood cells leaves the blood and wander into other tissues. (ex. Anyone?) Will carry food, O2, waste products,etc. WE WILL REVISIT THIS AREA WHEN WE DISCUSS THE CIR. SYS.

Muscle Special characteristic: Its ability to shorten and lengthen due to contractile proteins!!! The length a muscle is > than the diameter Cell/fibers (fig 4.6 a-c) 3 types of muscle: –Skeletal- voluntary control Striated (banded)/ multinucleated –Cardiac- has unconscious involuntary contr. Shorter fibers/uninucleated/have intercalated disks!! –Smooth-involuntary control Forms the walls of hollow organs/in skin and eyes!!

Nervous Cells are called neurons which generate and conduct nerve impulses. Composed of 3 parts: –Cell body –Dendrite –Axon –Neurolia cells (mylineated sheath) –Fig 4.7

Aging Tissue As one ages, there is a decrease in muscle fibers and neurons. Reduced senses Cells divide slowly (Im falling and I cant get up!!) Age related changes affect cells at the EC matrix level!!! –Loss of flexilibity in all aspects!!

Inflammation Response This is a response to foreign substance being in the body such as bacteria or dead tissues; symptoms include swelling, heat, redness and p!

HOMEWORK-due Friday 1)Name several diseases, symptoms, and/or disorders commonly associated with old age and explain what is occuring physiologically. (Hint see tissue and aging paragraph on pp. 93) –Provide proof (light research, personal experience,etc.) 2) Name a cell, ground substance and fiber for each type of CT. Include an explanation of the importance of this body tissue. Creativity is welcomed!!