HAVPA

 Violin  Viola  Cello  Bass  All usually played with a bow  Can be plucked/picked

 Smallest  Highest sound  Held under chin  Two violin sections  First violins  Second violins

 Slightly larger than a violin  Deep/mellow tone  Held under chin  Hard to tell violin and viola apart

 “violoncello”  Much bigger than the violin and viola  Lower, deeper sound  Rest on floor to be played

 Three other names  Double bass  Standing bass  String bass  Player sits on high stool or stand up to play  Very low sound

 Piano  Harp

 Flute  Oboe  Clarinet  Bassoon  All played by blowing into them and using fingers to play the different notes by using keys to cover different holes

The saxophone is not in this group (rarely in orchestras)

 Can be made of wood (orchestral made of metal)  Has no reed  More closely related to woodwinds than brass  timbre or color fits woodwinds  Sound is produced when a player blows across a hole in the side  Clear, high sound than can be gentle or piercing

 Very small flute  Much more common in bands than in orchestras

 Black  Made of wood  Can be mistaken for a clarinet  Sound is produced when the player blows through two small reed  double-reed instrument  The player blows between two reeds

 Slightly larger double-reed instrument  Deeper, gentler tone  Not the same as the French horn

 Black  Normally made of wood (sometimes plastic)  Single reed  Wide range of notes from low to high  Many sizes of clarinets  Bass  Contrabass  B-flat clarinet

 Largest  Lowest-sounding standard orchestral woodwind  Long hollow tube of wood  Can often see the tops of bassoons over the rest of the orchestra  Double reed  The air from the reeds goes through a thin metal tube into the middle of the instrument