Body Systems Planes Regions CAVITIEsCAVITIEs Location DIRECTIOnDIRECTIOn Po S I T I o n

Anatomy and Physiology  Anatomy: The study of the parts of the body  Physiology: The function of the body  Anatomical Position: Standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward.

Anatomic Terminology Position and Direction  Anterior or Ventral: Front or in front of  Posterior or Dorsal: Back or in back of  Cranial: refers to the head of the body  Caudal: means tail end  Superior: upper or above something  Inferior: lower or below something

Anatomical terms cont.  Medial: toward the midline  Lateral: toward the side of the body  Proximal: toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body  Distal: away from the point of attachment to the body  Superficial: (external) near the surface or outside of the body  Deep (internal) inside the body

Body planes and Sections  Planes: imaginary anatomical dividing planes  Section: cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane  Sagittal Plane: divides the body into right and left parts

Planes and Sections  Coronal (Frontal) Plane: vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.  Transverse planes- cross-section a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts.

Cavities of the Body  Dorsal Cavity: contains the brain and spinal cord- the brain is in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord is in the spinal cavity.  Anterior or Ventral Cavity contains the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.

Cavities  The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart  Abdominal Cavity: contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas  Pelvic Cavity: contains the urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

Abdomino -pelvic Cavity Regions

Tissues  Tissues: cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function.

Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue Protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces and produces secretions. Supports and connects organs and tissue Has the ability to contract and move the body Cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse

Connective Tissue  Adipose Tissue: type of connective tissue that stores fat cells  Ligaments: strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints  Tendons: white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone  Cartilage: firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

Membranes  Membranes are formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid.

Types of membranes  Mucous membrane: lines the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary systems produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining.

Types of membranes cont.  Serous membranes: double walled membrane produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities 1.The outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the Parietal membrane 2.The part that covers the organs is the Visceral membrane.

More membranes  Pleural Membrane: lines the thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs  Pericarial membrane: lines the heart cavity and protects the heart  Peritoneal membrane: lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs

Organ and System  Organ system: a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function.  Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory, Nervous, Endocrine, and Reproductive.

Guess the system…. Circulatory Carries oxygen and nourishment to the cells of the body.

Respiratory System Acquires oxygen, rids the body of carbon dioxide.

Integumentary System Helps regulate body temperature, establishes a barrier between the body and environment.

Nervous System Communicates, control body activity.

Skeletal System Gives shape to the body.

Endocrine System Manufactures hormones to regulate organ activity.

Muscular System Determines posture, produces body heat.

Excretory System Removes waste products of metabolism from the body.

Digestive System Prepares food for absorption.

Reproductive System Reproduces human beings.