Nutrients and the body Barbora Bakajová,Tereza Šimšová

NUTRIENTS elements or compounds necessary for an organism's metabolism, growth, or other functioning. elements or compounds necessary for an organism's metabolism, growth, or other functioning. some of them are essential,because they cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained from a food source. some of them are essential,because they cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained from a food source. substances that provide energy substances that provide energy nutrients:živiny

Groups of nutrients Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Proteins Proteins Fats Fats Minerals Minerals Fat-soluble vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins Water Water

Carbohydrates compounds made up of sugars used or stored as energy compounds made up of sugars used or stored as energy have three different types of simple sugars:1) monosaccharide have three different types of simple sugars:1) monosaccharide 2) disaccharide 2) disaccharide 3) polysaccharide 3) polysaccharide Complex carbohydrates are stored in the body as glycogen.

Sugar in our Diet some sugars are found naturally in foods like most fruits and their juices- we get calories from sugar but also vitamins and minerals some sugars are found naturally in foods like most fruits and their juices- we get calories from sugar but also vitamins and minerals some are added when foods are manufactured, they make foods taste sweet (dextrose, fructose, maltose ) some are added when foods are manufactured, they make foods taste sweet (dextrose, fructose, maltose ) eating a lot of sugary foods can cause tooth decay eating a lot of sugary foods can cause tooth decay diet-strava tooth decay-zubní kaz

Gelatin bonbons ingredients – sugar, glucose syrup, starch, citric acid and gelatin ingredients – sugar, glucose syrup, starch, citric acid and gelatin shapes – teddy bears, worms, cherries, … shapes – teddy bears, worms, cherries, … source of energy source of energy skin, connective tissue or bones skin, connective tissue or bones gelatin known as E number E441 gelatin known as E number E441 starch - škrob

Quiz about sugar 1. Orange juice gives us Orange juice gives us..... a. sugar, vitamins and minerals a. sugar, vitamins and minerals b. empty calories b. empty calories c. no sugar, but plenty of vitamins c. no sugar, but plenty of vitamins 2. Eating too many sugary foods may cause Eating too many sugary foods may cause... a. diabetes a. diabetes b. hypertension b. hypertension c. tooth decay c. tooth decay

Normal r egulation of blood glucose

Proteins the most abundant component in the human body the most abundant component in the human body including amino acids, that provide the building blocks for enzymes and other proteins within the body including amino acids, that provide the building blocks for enzymes and other proteins within the body peptide bond peptide bond enzymes, hormones, antibodies enzymes, hormones, antibodies abundant-vydatný,hojný abundant-vydatný,hojný provide-poskytnout provide-poskytnout

Meat usually muscle; fat or non – muscle organs usually muscle; fat or non – muscle organs ingredients – water, lipids, nitric and inorganic compounds ingredients – water, lipids, nitric and inorganic compounds building hair, muscle, hormonal regulation building hair, muscle, hormonal regulation source of zinc, iron and nitrogen source of zinc, iron and nitrogen

Fats can be defined as the basic nutrients can be defined as the basic nutrients they are needed for: the proper functions of cells they are needed for: the proper functions of cells maintenance of body temperature maintenance of body temperature healthy skin and hair healthy skin and hair including fatty acids including fatty acids body does not manufacture essential fatty acids body does not manufacture essential fatty acids proper-správný maintaince-udržování

Cholesterol is needed by our bodies for our cells, nerves and brain is needed by our bodies for our cells, nerves and brain important in forming hormones and enzymes important in forming hormones and enzymes we make all the cholesterol we need in our liver but we get cholesterol from the foods we eat, too we make all the cholesterol we need in our liver but we get cholesterol from the foods we eat, too if we eat too many foods that contain cholesterol, our chances of developing heart disease are higher if we eat too many foods that contain cholesterol, our chances of developing heart disease are higher liver-játra liver-játra

Butter dairy product from cream dairy product from cream emulsion of lipids, water and milk proteins emulsion of lipids, water and milk proteins source of vitamins A,D,E and K source of vitamins A,D,E and K contributor to health problems (heart disease)  substitute vegetable margarine contributor to health problems (heart disease)  substitute vegetable margarine contributor - přispěvatel

Minerals minerals are inorganic substances minerals are inorganic substances almost all foods contribute to a varied intake of essential minerals almost all foods contribute to a varied intake of essential minerals a major exception is iron for children and adolescent a major exception is iron for children and adolescent everyone at every age needs calcium which builds bones and teeth, and it is necessary for blood clotting everyone at every age needs calcium which builds bones and teeth, and it is necessary for blood clotting other important minerals are sodium, potassium, iodine, magnesium, zinc, and copper. other important minerals are sodium, potassium, iodine, magnesium, zinc, and copper. contribute-přispívat clotting-srážení intake-příjem

Vitamins all living things need vitamins for growth and health all living things need vitamins for growth and health exist two types exist two types 1) Fat-soluble vitamins 1) Fat-soluble vitamins four vitamins - A, D, E, and K four vitamins - A, D, E, and K 2) Water-soluble vitamins 2) Water-soluble vitamins the vitamin B group of several vitamins, vitamin C the vitamin B group of several vitamins, vitamin C good sources should be eaten every day. good sources should be eaten every day.

Water every cell in the body must be bathed in water every cell in the body must be bathed in water takes an active part in many chemical reactions takes an active part in many chemical reactions is needed to carry other nutrients is needed to carry other nutrients to regulate body temperature to regulate body temperature makes up about 60 percent of an adult's body weight. makes up about 60 percent of an adult's body weight.

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