State Standard SB4E. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions. Plant Adaptations (21.1, 22.4, & 22.3)

____________ Introduction to Plants  ____________ coating that helps ____________ the evaporation of water from plant tissues  Acts as a ____________ to invading microorganisms General Plant Adaptations Chapter 21

____________ Introduction to Plants  Adaptations that enable the ____________ of ____________ even with the presence of a cuticle on a plant  ____________ in the outer cell layer of leaves and some stems General Plant Adaptations Chapter 21

____________ Introduction to Plants  Vascular tissue enables ____________ movement of substances than by osmosis and diffusion, and over greater distances.  Vascular tissue provides support and structure, so vascular plants can grow ____________ than nonvascular plants. General Plant Adaptations Chapter 21

Vascular Tissues – ____________ Introduction to Plants General Plant Adaptations Chapter 21  ____________ – carries water & dissolved minerals from the roots ____________ to the stem & leaves  ____________ – food- carrying tissue. Carries sugars & other organic compounds ____________ the plant

____________ Introduction to Plants Reproductive Adaptations Chapter 21  Flowers are the ____________ structures of a group of plants called anthophytes.  Flowers contain both male parts ( ____________ ) & a female part ( ____________ ).  The movement of pollen from a stamen to the pistil is called ____________.

Reproductive Adaptations - Flowers Flowers can be pollinated by wind, insects, birds, & other animals Many flowers are ____________ colored to attract birds & insects that aid in pollination

____________ Introduction to Plants Reproductive Adaptations Chapter 21  Cones are the ____________ structures of a group of plants called ____________ (coniferophyta).  Conifers produce small male cones & larger female cones.  The male cones produce ____________ while the female cones remain on the plant until its ____________ have matured. MaleFemale

Seeds Introduction to Plants  Plant structures that contain an ____________, ____________ for the embryo, and are covered with a protective ____________  These features enable seeds to survive ____________ environmental conditions and then sprout when favorable conditions exist. Reproductive Adaptations Chapter 21

Reproductive Adaptations Maple trees produce seeds that are shaped like ____________ & are carried over long distances by wind. Some plants produce seeds with ____________ or hooks that attach to the fur of passing animals Maple Seed ____________

Reproductive Adaptations ____________ Coconuts from palm trees ____________ which allows seeds to travel from one island to another

Other Plant Adaptations - Dormancy Many seeds & plants will go ____________ (inactive) during ____________ conditions such as drought or cold Some roots & stems are able to ____________ food for dormant periods Some trees drop their leaves during dormancy Other trees (such as conifers) have waxy needle- like leaves to conserve water and ____________ trunks to bend & not break under the weight of ice & snow

Tropisms A ____________ is a plants growth ____________ to an external stimulus. –If a plant grows toward the stimulus it is called a ____________ tropism –If the resulting plant growth is away from the stimulus it is called a ____________ tropism

Tropisms Phototropism is a plant growth response to ____________ caused by an unequal distribution of ____________.

Tropisms ____________ is a plant growth response to ____________ (AKA ____________) –Roots usually show a positive Gravitropism –Stems show a negative Gravitropism

Tropisms ____________ is a growth response to mechanical stimuli such as ____________

Plant Hormones Plants control their growth in response to environmental stimuli by using ____________ ____________ known as hormones A hormone is a chemical produced in one part of an organism that is sent to a different part of the organism to affect ____________ there

Types of Plant Hormones ____________ Controls phototropism by ____________ cells on the shaded side of the stem to push the plant toward light Promotes growth of ____________ and control when the fruit falls from the plant

Types of Plant Hormones ____________ Cause plant to grow ____________ Increase rate of seed ____________ & bud development

Types of Plant Hormones ____________ ____________ plant growth during times of stress, such as cold temperatures or ____________