Environmental Carcinogenesis White Coat Wonders Lisa Lam Zara Khan

What are some heritable genetic factors that influence individual susceptibility to environmental carcinogenesis? What cellular or metabolic processes are involved?

Objective O Comparing and contrasting natural and dietary factors and the increase an individual's susceptibility to environmental carcinogenesis. O Looking at commonality within certain nations that have a type of cancers that are more dominant. O From these cancers how does environmental carcinogenesis affect the upbringing of these cancers

Environment

Environmental Carcinogens O Lifestyle O Smoking O Poor Diet O Natural Sources O Ultraviolet Rays O Radon O Infectious Agents O Bacteria/Viruses

Lifestyle Stomach Cancer O Disease that occurs first in the tissues that line the stomach O Can be caused by lifestyle factors (diet) or infectious agents (bacteria) O Smoked and salted foods shown to increase a person's chances of developing stomach cancer O Deficiency in the dietary mineral known as selenium may also increase the risk of gastric cancer

Lifestyle Liver Cancer O Carcinogens remain in the food ingested on a daily basis O Aflatoxins, toxic compounds, are produced by mold in food. O Example: Aflatoxin BI is formed by fungi in poorly stored grain products

Natural Lung Cancer O Cancer cells grow in the lining of the lung’s airway or the lymph nodes. O Carcinogens include air pollution, secondhand smoke, radon, industrial chemicals, radiation exposure, and wood smoke

Natural Lung Cancer O Radon is a radioactive gas that travels from rocks and soils to enclosed area O Exposure is threefold the amount for never- smokers than for smokers O Found that low exposure for a long period is more harmful than high exposure for a short period.

Natural Skin Cancer O Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation induces apoptosis to kill damaged cells. O Loss of p53 function leads to survival of damaged cells causing tumors. O Some UV radiation are from sunlight, tanning booths, black lights, electric lamps. O People who have lighter skin are more susceptible to cancer because they have less melanin in their skin which protects against radiation

Skin vs. Stomach Skin Cancer Stomach Cancer O Results from extended periods of time in the sun O People with lighter skin have less melanin and are more susceptible O Diet high in smoked and salted foods shown to increase the development stomach cancer O Familial history of BRA1 mutations and cancers can also increase your risk

Lung vs. Liver Lung cancer Liver cancer O Begins in the lining of the lung’s airways O Allows for the cells to be directly affected by creating chemicals forming new blood vessels close together O Gives nutrients to the cancer cell and permits tumor growth O Development of liver cancer is due to the metabolic processes that occur within (removal of toxins) O Affects the detoxification process of the liver

Lung vs. Liver O Both lung and liver cancer are caused by environmental exposures O Either a cellular or metabolic process within the body is affected, forming the cancer O Liver cancer has some genetic underlying factors O With the presence of genetic factors, susceptibility to environmental carcinogenesis is increased

Conclusion O Skin, lung, liver, and stomach cancers are mostly caused by environmental factors, such as sun exposure, air pollution, diet, and infection by a bacteria. O Genes and phenotypes sometimes play a significant role in determining whether or not an individual has a higher risk of developing a certain cancer

Further Questions O Why is a familial history of a breast cancer associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer and not other cancers? O What does the inherited gene do to cause a heightened risk of developing a certain cancer?

Sources O O O O O O nt/ pdf.pdf O ey=90faa7518bc c241bb97894c2af0aaa4dd&keytyp e2=tf_ipsecsha O ocause.htm ocause.htm