1. Aim # 51: How can mitosis lead to a
Date: February 16th, 2017
Aim # 51: How can mitosis lead to a
HW:
Daily Review of Class Notes
All Labs due Friday
Do Now:
What is interphase? How much of the cell cycle is spent during this stage?
What does PMAT stand for?
What is cytokinesis? How does it differ in plant and animal cells?

2. Aim#51: How can mitosis lead to a disruption in homeostasis?

3. What could have caused this?
Cancer

4. Approximately 200 types Can you think of some? Prostate cancer
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Skin cancer
Can you think of some?

5. 1) Healthy cells
Grow, divide, and replace themselves during the process of mitosis. Each mitotic division leads to the development of 2 NEW healthy cells.

6. How do cells divide by mitosis?

7. 2) Abnormal cell division
Sometimes, normal cells lose their ability to limit and direct their growth. They divide too rapidly and grow without any order.

8. 3) What happens if cells are unable to regulate the cell cycle?
Cancer is a disease that is
caused by loss of control of the
cell cycle (uncontrolled cell division).
Cells continue to divide
uncontrollably.

9. 4) What are tumors?
Tumors (lumps or masses of cancerous cells) will form as a result of this uncontrolled cell division.
Tumors can be either malignant (spread - dangerous) or benign (can’t spread – safe)

10. Metastasis
Cancer cells also can spread, to other parts of the body and form new tumors.
How do they spread?
They spread by using the circulatory system and lymph nodes.

11. 7) What causes cancer? Damage to the cells DNA from: Poor Diet
Certain Pathogens (Viruses)
Genetics
UV Radiation (Sun)
Drugs (Tobacco)
Mutations - to genes, the cell's instructions for making the proteins it needs to survive, grow and multiply.
Ultraviolet radiation
Viruses
Usually cancer is not inherited
Carcinogens: chemicals
A third of all cancers in the UK are linked to diet. Some types of food increase your risk, while others seem to have a protective effect. For example, a diet low in saturated fat, alcohol and red meat and high in fiber, fruit and vegetables can reduce your risk of some cancers, such as breast and colon cancer. Fruit and vegetables contain natural chemicals, antioxidants, that mop up free radicals: chemicals that can damage genes.
Usually cancer is not inherited, even in families with several people affected, since it is a common disease. However, some people are born with an increased risk of cancer, because they inherit an altered gene important for cell growth or for repair of damaged DNA, for example. Scientists have already identified some of the genes that predispose to breast and colon cancer. There are likely to be others.

12. Anatomy of a Cigarette Smoking causes a third of all cases of cancer
Cigarette smoke contains different chemicals, some of which are carcinogens. Some people have a lower risk of developing lung cancer. Their cells may be more efficient at repairing the gene damage caused by the carcinogens.

13. Lung Cancer:
Healthy Lung
Cancerous Lung

14. What is “x”?

15. 8) Treatment Surgery: physical removal of the malignant tumor
Radiation: disrupts cell division
Chemotherapy: drugs that prevent cell division by interfering with mitosis
Certain body tissues, such as breast and prostate, require hormones to develop. When cancer originates in these tissues, it responds to hormones. This means that the cancer responds to hormonal manipulation, which includes the administration of hormones, the withdrawal of hormones, or interference with hormone function. For example, by using chemicals that block the action of these hormones, it is possible to slow down, or even stop, the growth of cancer cells

16. Amoeba Sisters Cell Cycle and Cancer