1.How would you define a compound? Use some key vocabulary terms from the first chemistry test to help you. 2.If H 2 O and H 2 O 2 are both compounds, how are they different? 3.How do atoms combine to form compounds? 4.How do ionic bonds and covalent bonds differ? How are they the same? 5.Think back to our global warming project. What compounds (greenhouse gases) have we already studied? Explain how the electrons move in order for each of the greenhouse gases to form. Label each greenhouse gas as an ionic or covalent bond.

8 th Grade Science Adapted from

Section A: Complete the chart using a periodic table to help you.

Answer these questions: An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge. An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an ____________. A positive ion is called a ______________ and a negative ion is called an _______________. POSITIVE NEGATIVE ION CATION ANION “An-Eye-On” “Cat-Eye-On”

What is an ionic bond? Atoms will transfer one or more ________________ to another to form the bond. Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell. An ionic bond forms between a ___________ ion with a positive charge and a ________________ ion with a negative charge. Example B1: Sodium + ChlorineExample B1: Sodium + ChlorineExample B2: Magnesium + Iodine ELECTRONS COMPLETE METAL NONMETAL

Example B3: Potassium + IodineExample B4: Sodium + Oxygen Example B5: Calcium + ChlorineExample B6: Aluminum + Chlorine

What is a covalent bond? Atoms ___________ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond. Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell. A covalent bond forms between two _________________. Example C1: Hydrogen + HydrogenExample C2: 2 Hydrogen + OxygenHydrogen + Hydrogen SHARE COMPLETE NONMETAL

Example C3: Chlorine + ChlorineExample C4: Oxygen + Oxygen Example C5: Carbon + 2 OxygenExample C6: Carbon + 4 Hydrogen

Review Vocab… What is an oxidation number? How is it determined? What is a subscript? What does it tell you about the atoms in the compound? What is a chemical formula?

Oxidation Numbers Same thing as typical charge an atom will have once it has lost or gained electrons Shortcut to writing chemical formulas: 1. CaI 2. Ca +2 I Ca +2 I 1- Ca 1 I 2 CaI 2

Bond With A Classmate 1.Purple = Cations ; Pink = Anions 2.Find a classmate to “bond” with and together decide on the correct chemical formula (use the oxidation numbers to help you!) 3.You will have to decide how many of each ion you need to make a STABLE IONIC BOND. 4.Record all bonds on your Date Book (data table) 5.Look at the box on your paper for helpful hints 6.You will have 5 minutes to make as many bonds as possible.

Oxidation #’s Backwards Give me the oxidation state (charge) for each atom in the compound for the following chemical formulas:No Periodic Tables Allowed! A.BaCl 2 B.CaF 2 C.Mg 3 N 2 D.MgBr 2 E.KCl F.K 2 O

Compound Naming Separate the cards into 2 groups: 1 group with exactly 2 elements 1 group with more than 2 elements

Compound Naming How do you tell the difference between ionic and covalent compounds? Identify 6 cards that have only two elements that have formed a covalent bond Once I have approved those, fill in #1-5 Try to think about the pattern in naming covalent compounds

Naming Covalent Compounds Guidelines for Inorganic Compounds 1.In covalent compounds, the least electronegative element comes first and its name is unchanged. 2. The more electronegative element comes second and takes on theelectronegative –ide ending like in ionic bonds 3.Subscripts are represented by Greek prefixes Example: H 2 O –dihydrogen monoxide 1Mono- 2Di- 3Tri- 4Tetra- 5Penta- 6Hexa- 7Hepta- 8Octa- 9Nona- 10Deca-

Name that Compound Can you use the inorganic guidelines for all of these? 1. CO 2 2. N 2 O 3. N 2 O 4 4. CH 4

Show me the formula 1.hexaboron monosilicide 2.chlorine dioxide 3.hydrogen monoiodide 4.iodine pentafluoride 5.dinitrogen monoxide

Compound Naming What are transition metals? How are they different from metalloids? Find 6 compounds that start with a transition metal What patterns do you notice in the naming of these metals?

Transition Metal Patterns Cation = (+) Roman numeral = cation charge Metal name is unchanged Anion= (-) Change ending to -ide

Polyatomic Ions Find the 6 cards that contain more than two element Red = cation Black = anion How do we figure out the charges for the cation and anion?

Polyatomic Ion Patterns Cation Only NH 4 + Name is either a metal, transition metal, or it’s ammonium Anion Name = polyatomic ion chart If NM = then change ending to -ide

Metal and Nonmetal Find the 6 cards that have just one metal (not transition) and one non metal What are the patterns in naming the cation and anion?

Metal and Nonmetal Cation Metal Name = Name as it appears on periodic table Anion Name = nonmetal Change ending to -ide

Naming Ionic Compounds For #1-20 Write a P to the left of the # if the compound contains a polyatomic ion Write a T to the left of the # if the compound contains a transition metal Write MNM if the compound is a metal and a nonmetal

Name that Compound… 1.NaCl 2.NaCO 3 3.NaOH 4.NH 4 OH 5.Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3

Show me the formula 1.Ammonium Chloride 2.Potassium Nitrate 3.Calcium hydroxide 4.Sodium Oxide 5.Copper (II) Sulfate

1.Metal and nonmetal: Name the metal and change the nonmetal to –ide 2.Transition metals and nonmetals: Use roman numerals to represent the charge and name the nonmetal using –ide 3.Polyatomic Ions : If positive are more like metals and come first, if negative are more like nonmetals and come second. They have their own names and oxidation numbers (see chart on back)Polyatomic Ions

Naming Ionic Bonds Practice 1.What is the chemical formula for the compound that results when Magnesium and Chlorine combine? Use the lewis dot structures and the criss cross method to show how you get the same formula. 2.How do you name this compound?