1. Marsh’s Emergency Notes for Chemistry

2. What you must know to proceed!!
Locate metals/nonmetals.
Identify ionic/covalent bonds.
State the standard oxidation state of each family.
Name compounds.
Write formulas for compounds.

3. Use the Periodic table: Metals and Nonmetals
Left of stairs on periodic table
Loose electrons
Positive charge
Nonmetals
Right of stairs on periodic table
Gain electrons
Negative charge

4. Identify ionic and covalent compounds.
Ionic compounds
Metal/nonmetal
Cation (+) comes first
Anion (-) follows
Sum of charges must equal zero.
Covalent compounds
Nonmetal/nonmetal
Element with lowest electronegativity (one on left) comes first.
Element with higher electronegativity (one on the right) comes second.
Charges “do not matter.”
Use prefixes in naming.

5. Determining oxidation numbers
Oxidation numbers are the “charge” of each element.
Only matters for ionic compounds.
Assigned by family.
Sum must equal zero for ionic compounds.

6. Naming ionic compounds.
Metal and nonmetal
Name cation (+) [just name the metal]
Name the anion (-) [name the nonmetal with –ide ending]

7. Naming compounds with a polyatomic ion.
If the polyatomic ion is positive
(ammonium)
Name ion (ammonium) then name the anion with –ide ending.
If the polyatomic ion is negative.
Name cation then name polyatomic ion (do not change ending)

8. Naming covalent compounds
If there is only one of the first element.
Name first element
Use a prefix for the second element
Name second element with –ide ending.
If there is more than one of the first element.
Use prefix for number of first element
Name second element with –ide ending

9. Prefixes for covalent compounds
One – mono
Two – di
Three – tri
Four – tetra
Five – penta
Six – hexa
Seven – hepta
Eight – octa
Nine – nona
Ten - deca

10. How to name compounds Naming Compounds given formulas. Metal/Nonmetal
Ionic
Name cation name anion
Ex: NaCl (sodium chloride)
Naming hydrates: •H2O
Name ionic compound
Prefix hydrate
Ex: CuSO4 •5H2O
Copper (II) sulfate penta hydrate
Contains polyatomic ion
Positive polyatomic ion
Name polyatomic ion Name anion
Ex: NH4Cl
Ammonium chloride
Negative polyatomic ion
Name cation Name polyatomic ion
Ex: Mg(NO3)
Magnesium nitrate
Nonmetal/Nonmetal
Covalent
More than one of first element
Prefix name first element
prefix element ide
Ex: P2O5
Diphosphorus pentaoxide
One of first element
Name first element
prefix name elementide
Ex: CO2
Carbon dioxide

11. Writing formulas for compounds
List both elements
Look on the periodic table and determine metal or nonmetal
If first is metal and second is nonmetal then it is ionic.
If both are nonmetals then it is covalent.
If it contains a polyatomic ion use ionic rules.

12. Writing formulas for ionic compounds.
Elements are listed.
Label charges.
Reduce charges if possible.
Cross charges.
Place polyatomic ions in parentheses.
You do not write 1’s.

13. Writing formulas for covalent compounds.
Both elements listed.
Add subscripts as prefixes describe.
Prefixes
One – mono
Two – di
Three – tri
Four – tetra
Five – penta
Six – hexa
Seven – hepta
Eight – octa
Nine – nona
Ten - deca