Greek and Roman Governments Unit 1, SSWH 3 a and b

SSWH 3 a & b Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek culture by Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great and the impact of Julius and Augustus Caesar.

Why are modern societies based on the achievements of the Romans and the Greeks?

Similarities In Greece —Social status determines participation in govt p.118 -136 —Early Gov’t was strong monarchies In Rome —voting Rights: Land owning male citizens

Greek Polis Polis: Greek city-state fundamental political unit Origins: City-state: Greeks were isolated Early History from Homer’s Epics Trojan War—Defines Society Persian War—Unites Greeks

Greek Govt Structure: Acropolis: citizens gathered to discuss govt issues Different types of govt Athenian govt (most famous): direct democracy Democracy: a govt where the citizens control it

End of Golden Age Greece and democracy ended because of constant military defeats p. 126 -128 Peloponnesian War—Sparta v. Athens Macedonian King invades—Phillip II (his son is Alexander)

Roman Govt Republic: govt in which power rests with citizens who have the right vote (representatives) Origins 12 Tables: written law code: all free citizens (males) were protected by the law p. 151 – 154, 165

Structure: Senate composed of Patricains (land owners) 2 Consuls (executive branch of Gov’t) 1st Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey, & Caesar) Triumvirate declined: Caesar & Pompey went to war Caesar becomes Dictator of Rome

Greek Philosophers Socrates: Believed that absolute standards did exist for truth & justice Wanted people to think about their values & actions p.131

Plato: Believed in a perfectly governed society p. 131 Student of Socrates Believed in a perfectly governed society p. 131

Aristotle: Student of Plato Questioned the natural world, human belief, thought, & knowledge Developed: rules of logic (scientific method) Teacher of Alexander the Great p.131

Political Leaders Alexander the Great: Conquered a large empire Student of Aristotle: taught him all about Greece Conquered a large empire Established several Hellenistic (blended) societies Encouraged learning

Julius Caesar: Triumvirate declined: Caesar & Pompey went to war 1st Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey, & Caesar) Triumvirate declined: Caesar & Pompey went to war Dictator of Rome Assassinated by Senators: Caesar had to much power p. 158

Augustus Caesar (Octavian): August means “exalted one” Avenged Julius Caesar’s death 2nd Triumvirate (Lepidus, Mark Antony, Octavian) Most able ruler: stabilized the republic, beautified the city, enduring govt Pax Romana: peace & prosperity – 207 yrs. p. 159 -160

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