1. Chapter Intro 1 Ancient Greece What were the developments of ancient Greek civilizations that still influence us today?

2. Section 1-Main Idea The BIG Idea Ideas, Beliefs, and Values For a long time, Greek life was centered around the polis, but Alexander the Great’s conquests spread Greek culture.

3. Section 1 Early Greek Civilization Homer’s epic poems provided the foundation for classical Greek education. Athens and Sparta were both influenced by this tradition.

4. Section 1 Mycenae was the first Greek state that was ruled by powerful monarchies. Homer wrote two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, about the Trojan War.epic poems By 750 B.C., the city-state, or polis, had become the focus of Greek life. There, people would meet for political, social, and religious activities.polis Early Greek Civilization (cont.)

5. Section 1 The main gathering area was usually the acropolis, a fortified area at the top of a hill. acropolis The agora was an open area below the acropolis where people would assemble. The Greek city-states had different forms of government. Early Greek Civilization (cont.) −Democracy: a government by the people, or rule by the manyDemocracy −Oligarchy: rule of the fewOligarchy

6. Section 1 The two most powerful city-states were Sparta and Athens. Sparta Early Greek Civilization (cont.) −Sparta was a military state. All men in Sparta joined the military, and stayed in the army until they were 60. −The government was an oligarchy headed by two kings who led the army.

7. Section 1 −Ephors were elected annually and were in charge of education and the conduct of Spartan citizens. Early Greek Civilization (cont.) −Philosophy, literature, and travel were discouraged. The art of war was the only ideal.

8. Section 1 Athens Early Greek Civilization (cont.) −Early Athens was ruled by aristocrats who owned the best land. −The threat of civil war convinced aristocrats to hand over power to Solon, who ended the economic problems by canceling land debts and freeing people enslaved for debt.

9. Section 1 −Another reformer, Cleisthenes, created a council of 500 men to oversee governmental affairs. Early Greek Civilization (cont.) −This idea of legislative assembly created the foundations of Athenian democracy.

10. Section 1 Classical Greece Classical Greek ideas about government, philosophy, and the arts created the foundation of Western society.

11. Section 1 Pericles became a dominant leader in Athens after the defeat of the Persians. The Age of Pericles witnessed an expansion of the empire that is considered the height of Athenian power and brilliance. Pericles also expanded democracy to all male citizens and enabled all citizens to play a role in the government, making it a direct democracy.direct democracy Classical Greece (cont.) Comparing Democratic Systems

12. Section 1 Sparta feared the growing Athenian empire, leading to the outbreak the Great Peloponnesian War in 431 B.C. Athens lost the war and the Athenian empire was destroyed. The war weakened all of the major Greek states. Classical Greece (cont.)

13. Section 1 Classical Greece was a period of intellectual and cultural growth.Classical The most important form of architecture was the temple that was dedicated to a god or goddess. The Parthenon is the greatest example of the classical Greek temple. Classical Greece (cont.)

14. Section 1 The first Greek dramas were tragedies and were presented in a trilogy. Today, the only complete Greek tragedy we possess is called Oresteia written by Aeschylus. Three Greek philosophers  Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle  established the foundations of Western philosophy. Classical Greece (cont.)

15. Section 1 Socrates Classical Greece (cont.) −Believed the goal of education was to improve the individual −Taught students to live their lives by a code of ethicsethics −He used a question-and-answer format to lead students to find answers for themselves, called the Socratic Method.

16. Section 1 Plato Classical Greece (cont.) −Student of Socrates. He was fascinated with the question of reality. −Wrote his ideas of government in a work entitled The Republic −Considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of Western civilization

17. Section 1 Aristotle Classical Greece (cont.) −Student of Plato. He believed people’s happiness is tied to their behavior. −Interested in classifying and analyzing things based on observation and investigation −He did not seek an ideal state, but rather studied existing governments and favored constitutional government.