The Byzantine Empire and Russia ROC EK

Vocabulary Schism A permanent split Czar The Russian word for “Caesar” Ethnic Group A large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage

The Byzantine Empire Constantinople German invaders pushed into the western Roman empire Emperors moved into the eastern Mediterranean Constantine (an emperor) rebuilt the Greek city Byzantium, renaming it “Constantinople” Eastern Roman empire became known as the Byzantine empire Constantinople thrived in the Middle Ages, having control over key trade routes in Europe and Asia

Justinian’s Code Justinian Emperor, ruled from 527 to 565 Set up commission to collect and organize laws of ancient Rome Known as “Justinian’s Code” By 1100’s the code reached to Western Europe and had effect on laws and principles of the Roman Catholic Church and medieval monarchs Preserved heritage of Roman law

Byzantine Christianity Separation Byzantine Christians and Roman Catholics became divided Emperor controlled Church affairs in Byzantine empire This went against the pope’s claim of authority over all Christians Byzantine clergy also retained the right to marry Caused a schism between Eastern (Greek) Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches by 1054 Byzantine empire was falling by the time of the schism Constantinople fell to the Ottoman empire by 1453 Eventually renamed Istanbul and became a part of Muslim culture

Byzantine Heritage Byzantine civilization had a big influence on society, mixing Christian beliefs with Greek science, philosophy, arts, and literature Byzantines also expanded on Roman achievements in engineering and law Greek scholars left Constantinople to teach Italian universities and took valuable manuscripts to the West, as well as their knowledge of Greek and Byzantine culture The work of scholars contributed to the Renaissance

The Rise of Russia Early History of Russia Began in fertile area of present-day Ukraine The Slavs moved into southern Russia and were followed by the Vikings traveling Russian rivers in 700s and 800s Vikings also traded with Constantinople Kiev, a city in the Ukraine, became the center of the first Russian state and a vital trade center Constantinople sent missionaries to convert the Slavs to Christianity 863- Greek monks adapted Greek alphabet so they could translate the Bible into Slavic languages. It became the script still used in Russia and Ukraine Russians now had a written language, forming a class of educated people They adapted Byzantine art, music, and architecture

The Mongol Conquest Early 1200s- Mongols of central Asia took control of land from China to Eastern Europe Absolute power of Mongol leaders served as a model for later Russian rulers Mongol rule cut Russia off from Western Europe, therefore cutting Russians off from the advancements in arts and sciences taking place in Europe

Rise of Moscow Princes of Moscow defeated the Mongols Between 1462 and 1505, Ivan III, known as Ivan the Great, gained rule over most of northern Russia Took the title “Czar” Ivan the Great passed on absolute rule to successors, and Ivan IV increased his power to the extreme, earning the title “Ivan the Terrible”

Shaping Eastern Europe Eastern Europe had no region dominated by a single ethnic group Many groups settled in Eastern Europe Slavs came from Russia and Asian groups moved into the land, such as the Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Magyars Germanic people came as well Byzantine missionaries brought Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Byzantine culture to the Balkans German knights and missionaries brought Roman Catholic Christianity Eastern Europe was a refuge for Jewish settlers, giving them escape from their Western Europe Christian persecutors in the Middle Ages

Shaping Eastern Europe (cont.) Kingdoms and small states arose in Eastern Europe Poland battled Germans, Russians, and Mongols The Magyars of Hungary controlled parts of present-day Slovakia and Romania Late 1100s- Serbs built a kingdom in the Balkan peninsula 1500s- Ottoman Turks ruled much of southeastern Europe

Review What was the name of the Eastern Roman Empire? Byzantine empire What was the church called in this Eastern Roman Empire? Eastern Orthodox Who created a code of laws that we base our laws on today? Byzantine emperor Justinian What is a SCHISM? A permanent split What was the name of the Trading Center in the Ukraine in the first Russian state, it was the capital? Kiev Who invaded Russia from the West and influenced the idea of absolute rule? Ivan III What is a CZAR? A Russian ruler What was Ivan the IV known as? “Ivan the Terrible” What is an ETHNIC GROUP? A large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage Which crusade sacked and looted Constantinople? The Ottoman Empire

Sources World History textbook Pictures: http://www.parallelsixty.com/history-russia.shtml en.wikipedia.org