2. The Roman Empire Divided

3. Constantine’s City-- Constantinopolis

4. The Byzantine Empire

5. Emperor Justinian [r. 527-564]

6. Justinian’s Empire at its Peak

7. Christianity in the East and West Byzantine Empire Byzantine emperor controlled Church affairs The pope had no authority over all Christians Clergy kept right to marry Greek was language of the Church Easter was main holy day Emperor outlawed the use of icons, or holy images Byzantine emperor controlled Church affairs The pope had no authority over all Christians Clergy kept right to marry Greek was language of the Church Easter was main holy day Emperor outlawed the use of icons, or holy images Western European Christianity Pope controlled Church affairs The pope had authority over all Christians Clergy prohibited from marrying Latin was language of the Church Christmas was main holy day Use of holy images permitted. Pope controlled Church affairs The pope had authority over all Christians Clergy prohibited from marrying Latin was language of the Church Christmas was main holy day Use of holy images permitted. Differences between east and west provoked a schism, or permanent split - Eastern (Greek) Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church.

8. Justinian’s Code Corpus Juris Civilis: 1. Digest 2. Code 3. Institutes

9. Decline

10. Byzantine & Sassanid

11. 6c Arabia: A Threat to the Great Empires 6c Arabia: A Threat to the Great Empires ? ? ? ?

12. Russia Geography: climate zonesclimate zones –fertile land in the south –The steppe rivers provided transportation for both people and goods.rivers provided transportation for both people and goods. –linking Russia to the Byzantine Kiev - located at the heart tradeKiev - located at the heart trade –linking Vikings, Slavs, and Constantinople. –Kiev would become the center of the first Russian state.

13. Growth of Russia

14. Russia After Mongol Conquest Mongol armies, conquered Russia.Mongol armies, conquered Russia. The Mongols ruled Russia for 240 years.The Mongols ruled Russia for 240 years. –Kiev and other Russian towns were destroyed. Many Russians were killed.Many Russians were killed. –Russian Orthodox Church grew more powerful. –Women lost their place in society –Trade routes opened up between China and Eastern Europe. –Absolute power = a model for later Russian rulers. –Russia was cut off from Western Europe

15. Moscow emerges The princes of Moscow steadily increased their power.The princes of Moscow steadily increased their power. MoscowMoscow –Great geography: location near important river trade routes.location near important river trade routes. –capital of the Russian Orthodox Church. Ivan the Great and Ivan the TerribleIvan the Great and Ivan the Terrible –centralized power and recovered Russian territories.

16. Growth of Russia