Early 19 th Century Reformers

Women’s Rights Movement Cult of domesticity Housework & child care only proper activities for married women Seneca Falls Convention Women’s rights convention Was where the “Declaration of Sentiments” was written Provided women w/ increased opportunities to act outside the home

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Co-wrote “Declaration of Sentiments” w/ Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Blackwell 1 st woman doctor in U.S. Opened her own clinic

Lucretia Mott Co-wrote “Declaration of Sentiments” w/ Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Margaret Fuller Advocated that women could have opinions outside the “cult of domesticity”

Abolitionists Slavery was one of the biggest issues leading up to the civil war Abolition – the movement to end slavery

Frederick Douglass Black abolitionist Started a newspaper called “The North Star”

William Lloyd Garrison White abolitionist Published The Liberator

Harriet Tubman Conductor of the underground railroad

Nat Turner Led a revolt on a Virginia Plantation Was caught and hanged

Sojourner Truth Abolitionist Feminist Public speaker on those issues Illiterate

Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” One of the causes leading to the Civil War

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Phase 1 Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers Phase 2 Manufacturers built factories to bring specialized workers together Phase 3 Machines did the work and people operated them

Samuel Morse Invented telegraph (Morse Code) 1844

John Deere Invented steel-tipped plow (1837)

Elias Howe & I.M. Singer Invented sewing machine (1846)

Cyrus McCormick Invented mechanical reaper (1834)

Robert Fulton Invented Steamboat (1807)

Charles Goodyear Goodyear's discovery of what came to be known as vulcanization strengthened rubber so it could be applied to a vast variety of industrial uses, including, eventually, automobile tires.

Peter Cooper 1 st American Steam locomotive (1830)

New Philosophies Many people sought alternative to traditional religion Transcendentalism Emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature & in personal emotion & imagination Stressed American ideas of optimism, freedom, and self-reliance

Ralph Waldo Emerson Became known for challenging traditional thought Chief spokesman for Transcendentalism, (the American philosophic and literary movement) Transcendentalism was a reaction against scientific rationalism

Henry David Thoreau Protested Mexican War Wrote “The Duty of Civil Disobedience”

James Fenimore Cooper First major American novelist Best-known for tales of frontier adventure including… “The Last of the Mohicans” (1826)

Washington Irving Has been called the father of the American short story Wrote “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

Nathaniel Hawthorne Wrote “The Scarlet Letter”

Herman Melville Best-known for his novels of the sea Wrote “Moby Dick”

Edgar Allan Poe Known as the father of modern mystery A master of the horror tale (I.e. “The Raven”)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Poet Known for rhymes from Mother Goose Known for words to nursery songs Was among the first American writers to use native themes

Walt Whitman Incorporated natural speech rhythms into poetry Wrote 7 editions of “Leaves of Grass”

Emily Dickinson Poetry reflects her loneliness Was not publicly recognized during her lifetime

Dorothea Dix Worked to help the mentally ill Reformed prison conditions Educated people on mental illness

Horace Mann Established modern public school system; “Father of Public Schools” Developed an educational system with grade levels & teacher training

John James Audubon Set up a society for the study of birds

George Catlin Documented the tribal life of Native Americans throughout his travels of the west

Joseph Smith Was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism,Latter Day Saint movementMormonism

Brigham Young Young moved the Mormons in an exodus to Utah

Charles Grandison Finney Was a minister of the gospel who became an important figure in the Second Great Awakening Second Great Awakening Known as "the Father of modern revivalism"

Sarah & Angelina Grimke Daughters of a slave owner First women to publicly argue against slavery

Susan B. Anthony Led the fight for women’s rights Her efforts led to the 19 th Amendment (women’s suffrage)