Acton BiologyMr. LeBlanc SBI 3U Diversity of Living Things

Growth  increase in size  enlargement of a single cell or mitotic division towards the forming of a multi- cellular organism  leads to a series of changes that allows an organism to reach its final form (development)

Reproduction  only life can produce life (like produces like)  organisms must reproduce because they have a limited life span  methods include asexual and/or sexual reproduction

Irritability  response to stimuli or changes in the environment  allows for survival

Maintenance and Repair  energy is needed to repair damaged and/or worn out parts 

Metabolism  is the exchange of matter and energy between an organism and its environment and the changes that occur in this matter and energy when they are in the organism

 Originally developed by Carl Linnaeus (18 th century)  His system was based on physical features and structures  Why?

 Two-part Latin naming system  First part is the genus  Second part is the species  Ex. For Homo sapiens (the name for humans), Homo is the genus and sapiens is the species  A species is a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring under normal conditions ▪ Example and non-example?

 Taxonomy is the modern classification system for organisms  The levels of classification are called taxa  A single taxonomic level is called a taxon

Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom KPCOFGSKPCOFGS KPCOFGSKPCOFGS Least number of taxonomic groups Greatest number of organisms per taxon Greatest number of taxonomic groups One organism per taxon

 Eubacteria – “True” bacteria  Archaebacteria – “Ancient” bacteria  Protista – Eukaryotic microorganisms  Fungi – Yeasts, molds and mushrooms  Plantae – Plants  Animalia - Animals

 Unicellular  Prokaryotic  Heterotrophic or autotrophic  Asexual reproduction  Cell wall (peptidoglycan)  Ex. algae

 Procholorococcus – an autotrophic bacterium Bundren,

 Unicellular  Prokaryotic  Heterotrophic  Cell wall (no peptidoglycan)

 Reproduction – asexual  Cell Wall – cell walls without peptidoglycan  Habitat – live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, geysers, volcanic hot pools, brine pools, black smokers Bundren,

Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park – note the bright colors from the archaebacteria growing in the extremely hot water. Bundren,

Bundren,

 Archaebacteria can live deep in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers  There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis Bundren,

 Single celled or multicellular  Prokaryotic or eukaryotic  Autotrophic, heterotrophic or both  Sexual or asexual reproduction  Cell wall

Volvox – a colonial protist Euglena - autotrophic A slime moldAmoeba - heterotrophic Bundren,

 Most are multicellular  Heterotrophic  Sexual and asexual reproduction  Cell wall made of chitin

Stilton cheese Bread mold Bundren,

 Multicellular  Autotrophic  Sexual and asexual reproduction  Cell wall made of cellulose

Bundren,

 Multicellular  Heterotrophic  Sexual reproduction (most)  No cell wall

Coral snake Sponge Flatworm Octopus Jellyfish Bear Bundren,