Developing a Research Agenda for the Caribbean Food System to Respond to Global Changes. Agro Processing By Prof. J. O. Akingbala

2 Environmental Changes by 2100 Global warming ( 1.4 – 5.8 o c) Rise in sea level (0.09 – 0.88m) Changes in climate variability –Frequency –Intensity

3 Impact of Environmental Changes on World Food Production and Availability General reduction in crop yields in tropical & sub-tropical regions Increased crop yields in some temperate regions

4 Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World Regions Africa – diminished food security. Asia – diminished food security. Latin America(Caribbean). –Yields of important crops decrease. –Threat to subsistence farming.

5 Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World Regions 2 Europe –Positive effect in northern Europe –Negative effects in south & eastern Europe Australia/New Zealand –Initial positive effect –Later negative effect

6 Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World Regions 3 North America. –Positive in the north. –Drought in the Prairies. –Benefits decline as temperature increases.

7 The Problem Raw material requirement of agro processing sector in the Caribbean Current sources of raw materials Effect of predicted climate changes on raw material supply

8 Sources of Raw Materials for Agro – Processing Food Industry of the Caribbean Raw MaterialsSources Temperate Crops – Wheat,Barley, Maize, Oil seeds/Meal North America, Europe Animal Products – Milk, Cheese, Chicken etc. Australia/New Zealand

9 Agricultural Production of the Caribbean for 1990 &1991 ($million International) Totals Agriculture Food Crop Cereals Pulses90.00 Roots/Tubers Oil Crops Livestock

10 Caribbean Agriculture Production Quantities (1,000MT.) Totals Cereals Oilseeds Sugar Roots & Tubers Pulses Fruits Vegetables Beverages (coffee, tea, cocoa)

11 Caribbean Agriculture Production Quantities (1,000MT.) 2 Totals Meats Milk Eggs Tobacco

12 Caribbean Agriculture Exports ($Million) Totals Cereals & Preparations Wheat & Flour Oil crop and feed crops10128 Oil seeds10128 Vegetable oils987 Fruits vegetables and products Sugar & Honey Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices

13 Caribbean Agriculture Exports ($Million) Totals Other Beverages Live Animals111 Meat & Meat preparations Dairy products & eggs587 Other Agric products Tobacco & products

14 Caribbean Agriculture Imports ($million) Totals Cereals & Preparations Wheat & Flour Rice Maize18123 Barley Oil Crops & Feed Pdtn Oil seed p’dts and feed vegetable oils Fruits vegetables & p’dts

15 Caribbean Agriculture Imports ($million) Totals Sugar & Honey Coffee,cocoa,tea & spices Other beverages Live Animals1299 Meat & Meat prep's Dairy p’dts & eggs Tobacco & products40 39 Other Agric p’dts

16 Suggested Solutions Development of new food types. Developing substitutes for traditional raw materials. –From new raw materials. –Diluting traditional raw materials. –Adapting new processes.

17 Suggested Solutions 2 Beverages. –Alcoholic – any fermentable solids. –Beer – other heat durable cereals. –Non alcoholic- fruits. Animal products. –Meat – development of new materials from salvaged meat and fish products. –Manufacture of chicken bacon from neck and back muscle. –Fish patties from underutilised fish. –Ayami.