1. Overview of Turkish Agricultural Sector
PROF. DR. SEDEF AKGÜNGÖR
ECN 3204 Week 2

2. THE STRUCTURE OF TURKISH AGRICULTURE

3. THE STRUCTURE OF TURKISH AGRICULTURE
Turkey has a total population of 69 million people (2007) and a continental land area of km².
The country has been experiencing solid economic growth in recent years.
The EU is Turkey's main economic partner:
60% of exports and 43% of imports in 2007.

4. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
1. Agriculture’s Contribution to Population and Labor
Table 1: Population
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute

5. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
In 2007, agriculture represented 8.7% of GDP and 26.4% of employment, but these figures are decreasing.
Social and economic development of rural areas is a major challenge for coming years.

6. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
1. Agriculture’s Contribution to Population and Labor
Table 2: Sectoral Distribution of Active Population
1955
1965
1970
1980
1985
1990
2008
Agriculture
77,4
71,9
67,3
63,9
59,0
46,5
23,7
Industry
8,1
10,3
12,1
15,5
15,0
15,8
21,0
Services
14,5
17,8
20,6
24,5
26,0
38,1
49,5

7. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
Turkey is a major world producer and exporter in some agricultural sectors (e.g. fruit and vegetables).
Agriculture’s Contribution to Production
Table 3: Production of Cereals (1000 Ton)
Products
1980
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Wheat
16 500
18 500
18 650
21 000
18 000
Barley
5 300
8 000
8 200
9 000
7 700
Corn
1 240
2 000
2 080
2 300
2 297
Rye
525
245
235
232
233
260
Oat
355
275
280
310
290
314
Rice
143
168
165
189
204
210

8. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
2. Agriculture’s Contribution to Production
Table 4:Production of Industrial Products (1000 Ton)
Products
1980
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Sugarbeet
6 766
14 543
18 401
22 283
17 102
18 781
Cotton
500
784
832
882
791
880
Tobacco
228
225
286
251
243
208
Opium 14 5 11 28 31 12
Aniseed 25 19 21 23 20
Other 50 27 26 29 -
Table 5: Number of Cows
YILLAR
1980
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Number of Cows
(1000 Adet)
15 894
11 886
11 185
11 031
11 054
10 761
Change (%)
100
-25,2
-29,6
-30,6
-32,3
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute

9. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
3. Agriculture’s Contribution to Nutrition
Table 6: Per Capita Food Consumption ( ) (kg)
Food
Germany
Italy
Sweden
Turkey
Cereals
68,1
120,8
74,0
208,8
Rice
2,4
5,1
4,7
6,5
Potatoes
73,6
41,1
44,9
59,9
Sugar
34,3
26,9
42,5
27,2
Vegetables
82,5
178,2
89,6
190,3
Wine
23,1 63
41,8 NA
Meat (carcass)
85,6
74,5
67,9
20,7
Dairy products
93,3
63,8
121,2
87,6
Butter
6,8
6,2
2,1
Eggs
14,2
11,5
11,4
Oil
14,9
1,8
Meat and dairy product consumption is lower than industrialized countries.
Cereals Basic nutrition item.
Source: Eurostat

10. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
4. Agriculture’s Contribution to Industry
Source of raw material
Agribusiness
Source of employment for the industry both for the input markets and the output markets (inputs: fertilizer industry, seed industry, automotive industry (tractors, etc), feed industry)

11. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
4. Agriculture’s Contribution to Industry
Table 7: Production of Processed Ag. Products
Products
Unit
1990
2003
% Change
Sugar
ton
19,1
Flour
40,4
Margarine
483831
570062
17,8
Sunflower Oil
386863
305652
-20,9
Olive Oil
20323
40003
96,8
Rakı
1000 liters
61648
57160
-7,28
Beer
370232
601910
62,5
Cotton Weaving
1000 meters
690065
701426
1,64
Wool weaving
24360
31959
31,19
Cotton thread
337657
580394
71,8
Wool thread
59542
36044
-39,46

12. Agriculture’s Contribution to the Economy: Some Numbers
5. Agriculture’s Contribution to National Income
Table 8: Sectoral Distribution of GNP

13. European Commission Agriculture and Rural Development
Turkey’s
Agriculture and Enlargement

14. Agricultural Sector - General Overview
About half of Turkey’s total land area is devoted to agriculture, which is slightly above the EU-27 average (41%).
This would represent 22% of the EU-27 agricultural area if Turkey joined EU.
In 2007 roughly 26% of the workforce was employed in
agriculture, and in the same year the sector represented 9% of GDP.
According to the 2001 census there are approximately 3 million agricultural holdings in Turkey and15 million in the EU-27.
Holdings are smaller than EU average (6 ha, compared to an EU-25 average of 13 ha).

15. Agricultural Sector - General Overview
Subsistence and semi-subsistence farming is an important characteristic of Turkish agriculture.
In the arable crops sector Turkey is a major producer. The production of cereals (not including rice) was 30 million tonnes, 11.4% of the EU-27 in 2007.
Turkey is a major world producer and net exporter of fruit and vegetables: 41 million tonnes, 60% of EU-27 production of fruit and
vegetables.
As regards nuts, Turkey is a major world player and world’s largest exporter in hazelnuts.

16. Agricultural Sector - General Overview
For other crops, Turkey is a competitive producer of certain grain legumes:
Chickpeas and lentils
Cotton
Some qualities of sugar
Tobacco
Olive oil.
For animals and animal products, Turkey has a highly protected market including import restrictions.
Turkish meat consumption per head is about 1/5 of EU average.

17. Agricultural Sector - General Overview

18. Agricultural Sector - General Overview

19. Agricultural Sector - General Overview

20. Agricultural Sector - General Overview

21. Agricultural Sector - General Overview

22. Thank You…